Punctuation Continuation

1. Punctuation Continuation

2. Commas in compound sentences • Use a comma before the conjunctions and, but, or, nor, and so, in a compound sentence. • Julie ate a sandwich, and Todd had a piece of chicken. • Twana was very tired, so she went to bed early. • The dog growled, but the delivery woman was not afraid.

3. Add commas to these sentences: • My grandmother baked banana bread and my father cooked spaghetti. • The family sat down to eat but my brother refused to join us. • My sister was not hungry so she asked to be excused from the table. • My brother could not play outside nor could he watch television. • He could not play outside so he decided to go to the movies.

4. Separating words in a series: • Use a comma to separate three or more items in a series or list. • The comma before the and is optional. You can put it in or leave it out. • (Don’t worry about it on the ELA exam.)

5. Separating words in a series: • Crystal took her umbrella, gloves, and raincoat with her on her trip. • Next year he will be taking Spanish, science and history. • You should also use commas to separate phrases in a series. • He spent his day raking the leaves, pulling the weeds, and clearing the flowerbeds. • She looked forward to playing piano, going on trips, and reading novels.

6. Your turn! • He drank water juice and cherry soda. • She wanted to play chess read a book and watch television before her cousin arrived. • They talked about visiting Italy Spain and Portugal on their trip. • He enjoyed reading books playing water sports and walking in the woods. • New Year’s Day Memorial Day and Labor Day fall on a Monday this year.

7. Commas in dates • Use a comma in a date to separate the day of the month from the year. Do not use a comma, however, between the month and the day. • Correct: July 26, 1989 Incorrect: July, 26 1989 • Correct: March 19, 2007 Incorrect: March, 19 2007 • The commas job is to keep the two groups of numbers from getting bunched together.

8. Don’t use a comma when it is just the month and year. • I was born in September 1978. • Not, I was born in September, 1978. • If a sentence starts with the date, a comma goes after it. • In September 1978, I was born.

9. Your turn! • He started his first job in April 2004. • She won her first essay contest on April 4 2002. • Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on April 15 1865. • In January 2008 they will celebrate their third wedding anniversary. • In February 1991 Saddam Hussein agreed to remove Iraqi troops from Kuwait. • He visited Italy in March 1992 April 1996 and June 2005.

10. Commas in place names • If you have several parts to a place name, separate each part after the first one with a comma. • She lives in Rochester, New York. • Their home address is 5 Main Street, Omaha, Nebraska. • Often you separate the last part of the place name from the rest of the sentence with a comma. Do not use a comma if the place name is followed by a preposition such as: on, in, to, at, or for. • He left Hollywood, California in 1945. • He left Hollywood, California, when he moved to Paris, France.

11. Your turn! • Harvey was born in Milwaukee Wisconsin on April 1 1998. • On April 10 2002 Sally traveled to Albany New York to visit her brother. • John’s grandparents drove from Albany to Boston Massachusetts. • In September 2008 he plans to visit Havana Cuba and Rome Italy.

12. Separating phrases in sentences: • You usually use a comma to separate a phrase in the middle of a sentence. Make sure to put a comma on both sides of the phrase or expression. • The man’s jacket, torn when he fell down the stairs, had to be sewn. • The winner of the race, Mack McKenzie smiled joyfully. • Monday, which is my birthday, is the only day I am available. • Don’t use a comma when talking about a very general or unclear part. • The baby wearing a green sweater is my niece. • I just met the man who sent your sister the roses.

13. Your turn! • No I will not go! • Although he could cook quite well he did not enjoy it. • To amuse himself he often played a game of chess. • After years, of captivity he was freed. • The youngest boy Charles Jones, climbed the mountain without fear. • Arthur Miller, the award-winning writer smiled as he spoke to reporters. • It’s up to you Jane to finish the project.

14. For my book report, I read the novel Esparanza Rising by Pam Munoz Ryan. At the beginning of the novel, Esperanza is wealthy and has everything a girl could ever want. Her family owns a ranch in Aguascalientes Mexico. One night her father goes to repair some fences on the ranch and some bandits kill him. In his will, he gives his land to Esperanza’s two uncles. His house goes to Esperanza and her mother. Taking advantage of the situation one of the uncles proposes marriage to Esperanza’s mother. Shocked by this proposal, she rejects him. Later, Esperanza and her mother find their house has been burned down by her uncles. Her Uncle threatens worse things if Esperanza’s mother will not marry him so they escape to california.

15. For my project, I wrote a short puppet play showing a scene from the book Esperanza rising. My play begins shortly after Esperanza’s father has gone out to mend a fence in the fields. Esperanza cuts herself, on a thorn. While running home to tell her mother, she thinks about her Papa? When she reaches her mother Esperanza describes how she has been cut by a thorn. Esperanza learns, that her Papa has been killed by bandits. One of her uncles proposes to Esperanza’s mother, who rejects him. Later, Esperanza and her mother find their house has been burned down by her uncles so they escape to California.

16. Quotation Marks • Use quotation marks to indicate exact words spoken. • Mary asked, “What time is it?” • “I don’t know,” said Bill. • “What time is it?” asked Mary. Comma Before the Quotes. Punctuation goes Inside the quotes. Comma before quote ends

17. “I don’t know what time it is,” Bill replied, “because I lost my watch.” • Use a comma to end the first quote and before starting it again. • Punctuation still goes inside the quotation marks.

18. Your turn! • Have you ever been to the zoo? She asked. • Michael thought for a few moments and then replied Not since I was a child. • You should certainly go Monica said with a smile since there are so many interesting things to see and experience. • He shouted I never want to go there again. • I was never so embarrassed Margaret said as I was at that moment. • Where are you going? Tom asked.

19. Apostrophes There are two reasons to use an apostrophe: • Possession – to show someone owns something Zach’s PS3, Kyler’s excuse, the classes’ scores • Contractions – to shorten a pair of words. The apostrophe goes in the place of missing letters. It is –it’s, would not –wouldn’t, we have –we’ve