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Speech Physiology

Speech Physiology. How human speech sounds are produced. Basic events of speech production. Initiation An activity that initiates the flow of air Phonation An activity that modulates the quality of sounds Articulation An activity that modulates or articulates the air stream. Initiation.

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Speech Physiology

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  1. Speech Physiology How human speech sounds are produced

  2. Basic events of speech production • Initiation • An activity that initiates the flow of air • Phonation • An activity that modulates the quality of sounds • Articulation • An activity that modulates or articulates the air stream SONUS Reviving

  3. Initiation • Setting the airstream in motion • Creating airstream is an essential process of sound production • Change in pressure • Three mechanisms of initiation • Pulmonic airstream mechanism: Lung • Glottalic airstream mechanism: Glottis • Velaric airstream mechanism: velum SONUS Reviving

  4. Three mechanisms (cntd.) • Pulmonic • Respiratory mechanism whereby a stream of air initiated by the lungs • Most (more than 95%) of human speech sounds are produced in this way • Glottalic • Oral closure • Raise/lower larynx • Release oral closure • Air moves out/into the mouth • Velaric • Tongue-velum contact • Anterior closure • Drop tongue • Air moves into the mouth SONUS Reviving

  5. Initiation (cntd.)Directions of airflow • Egressive/pressure • Exhalation: deflation of lungs and consequent compression of the air • Ingressive/suction • Inhalation: dilate the lungs, sucking air into the luns SONUS Reviving

  6. Phonation • To produce speech sounds, air stream should be distorted in one way or another • Phonation is a process of changing air stream • Phonation is mainly achieved at larynx SONUS Reviving

  7. Larynx • The upper portion of the windpipe which produces speech • Major components • Vocal cords • Glottis • epiglottis • Three cartilages • Thyroid, Arytenoid, Cricoid SONUS Reviving

  8. Larynx – midsagittal view Epiglottis Thyroid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Trachea SONUS Reviving

  9. Larynx – lateral view SONUS Reviving

  10. Larynx – posterior view SONUS Reviving

  11. Vocal cords SONUS Reviving

  12. Vocal Folds Vibration • http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/linguistics/faciliti/demos/vocalfolds/vocalfolds.htm SONUS Reviving

  13. Articulation • Contribution by organs to shape airflow • A variety of speech sounds can be produced in terms of another way of air stream change – Articulation • Articulation is done mainly somewhere at vocal tract SONUS Reviving

  14. Vocal Tract • The air passage above the larynx • It’s composed of • Pharynx • Oral Tract • Nasal Tract • Velic closure • Active raising of velum preventing air from going out through the nose SONUS Reviving

  15. SONUS Reviving

  16. Articulators • An specific part of the vocal apparatus involved in the production of a speech sound • Active articulators • Movable parts of the vocal apparatus • Eg) lips, tongue, lower jaw, velum SONUS Reviving

  17. Articulator (Tongue) Tip Front Centre Back 설근 Root Blade SONUS Reviving

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