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the french revolution

Essential Background . CausesSignificant EventsKey FiguresHow is French Revolution remembered?. Causes of the French Revolution. Deficit governmentDisastrous weather conditionsFrenzied mobs in Paris. Population of 1780 Europe. Deficit Government. Seven Years' War 1756 - 63French and Indian War in AmericaEngland defeats FranceLoss of territory in Canada and America.

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the french revolution

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    1. The French Revolution Tale of Two Cities Historic Background

    2. Essential Background Causes Significant Events Key Figures How is French Revolution remembered? Causes: Bankruptcy of France; disastrous weather; public desperation Events:American Revolution, public frenzy; Storming of Bastille, Insurrection of Women, September Massacres. Key figures: Monarchs, Government finance ministers, revolutionary leaders, military leadersCauses: Bankruptcy of France; disastrous weather; public desperation Events:American Revolution, public frenzy; Storming of Bastille, Insurrection of Women, September Massacres. Key figures: Monarchs, Government finance ministers, revolutionary leaders, military leaders

    3. Causes of the French Revolution Deficit government Disastrous weather conditions Frenzied mobs in Paris

    4. Population of 1780 Europe France: 25 mil Russia: 24 mil England: 9 Italy: 17 mil Spain 10 Austria: 7.9France: 25 mil Russia: 24 mil England: 9 Italy: 17 mil Spain 10 Austria: 7.9

    5. Deficit Government Seven Years’ War 1756 - 63 French and Indian War in America England defeats France Loss of territory in Canada and America England defeats France: loss of territory in New WorldEngland defeats France: loss of territory in New World

    6. Extended deficit Government American Revolutionary War (against England) France allies with America Bunker Hill – June 7, 1775 Benjamin Franklin et al arrive in Paris; extensive official smuggling of supplies to Americans. Deficit increased to facilitate aid to Americans. “For France, without any question, the Revolution began in America.” Benjamin Franklin et al arrive in Paris; extensive official smuggling of supplies to Americans. Deficit increased to facilitate aid to Americans. “For France, without any question, the Revolution began in America.”

    7. Impoverished Government1774 - 83 Deficits of revenue Finance ministers unsuccessful with reforms Famine riots occur; protestors hanged Nobility and clergy exempt from taxes; indignant and astonished; dismiss controlle-general. New minister (Necker) is opposed; frugality is slow; discontent among nobs and clergy: protect their privileges. Am Rev: leads to Ben Franklin and other Am agents in Paris; official smuggling of supplies to Americans; treaty is signed with revolutionists, Feb, l778. “For France, without any questions, the Revolution began in America.”Nobility and clergy exempt from taxes; indignant and astonished; dismiss controlle-general. New minister (Necker) is opposed; frugality is slow; discontent among nobs and clergy: protect their privileges. Am Rev: leads to Ben Franklin and other Am agents in Paris; official smuggling of supplies to Americans; treaty is signed with revolutionists, Feb, l778. “For France, without any questions, the Revolution began in America.”

    8. Weather Conditions Hailstorm – 1788 Drought Crops stunted Grain harvest fails completely Heavy winter, spring floods - 88-89 Hailstorms affect a 180-mile long area near Paris, from Normandy to Champagne; famine to follow. Winter worst in 80 years: Summer, famine everywhere. St Antoine had 30,000 paupers to care for. Cheap imports put many out of work. State, church, and private charities tried to alleviate suffering.Hailstorms affect a 180-mile long area near Paris, from Normandy to Champagne; famine to follow. Winter worst in 80 years: Summer, famine everywhere. St Antoine had 30,000 paupers to care for. Cheap imports put many out of work. State, church, and private charities tried to alleviate suffering.

    9. Impoverished Government Excessive taxation Agricultural produce as tax

    10. Public Riots Public frenzy and desperation of Paris mob Mass elections – many disenfranchised July 14, l789 - Storming of Bastille Summer 1789 – burnings and lootings August l789 – Declaration of Rights of Man October 1789 – Insurrection of Women High poll tax; 500,000 Parisians excluded (sans-culottes)… must resort to violent force of their number to express their part of the general will. Burning and Looting of chateaux in countryside Insurrection of Women on Versailles (10,000) -- Why women? (felt shortage of food for families) men excluded… bring royal family and National Assembly home with them to Paris. First Emigration of certain nobility and princes begins.High poll tax; 500,000 Parisians excluded (sans-culottes)… must resort to violent force of their number to express their part of the general will. Burning and Looting of chateaux in countryside Insurrection of Women on Versailles (10,000) -- Why women? (felt shortage of food for families) men excluded… bring royal family and National Assembly home with them to Paris. First Emigration of certain nobility and princes begins.

    11. The GuillotineAugust 10, 1792 – Oct 4, 1795 September massacre Prisoners killed King guillotined Girondist/Jacobin struggle Reign of Terror Sept massacre: in Paris, killing of suspected royalists. Half of all prisoners in Paris killed; in some prisons, 80% of occupants, incl 202 priests. Dec ll-16: King tried for treason; convicted: killed Jan 21, l793. Girondist (moderate) fear anarchic Paris population; leaders put under house arrest by Jacobins: never seen again. Assassination of Marat (by corday) leads to great vengeance. Jacobins establish “Reign of Terror” November, l793.: “Death poured out in great floods.” Terror ends with death of Robespierre, July 28, l794.Sept massacre: in Paris, killing of suspected royalists. Half of all prisoners in Paris killed; in some prisons, 80% of occupants, incl 202 priests. Dec ll-16: King tried for treason; convicted: killed Jan 21, l793. Girondist (moderate) fear anarchic Paris population; leaders put under house arrest by Jacobins: never seen again. Assassination of Marat (by corday) leads to great vengeance. Jacobins establish “Reign of Terror” November, l793.: “Death poured out in great floods.” Terror ends with death of Robespierre, July 28, l794.

    12. The Royal Family Louis XV – 1710 – 1774 Louis XVI – 1754 – 1793 Queen Marie Antoinette – d 1793

    13. Louis XV1710-1774 Became king at age 5 Disastrous war Financial decline Crippled France

    14. Louis XVI1754-1793 Became king age 20 Vacillated, obstructed, intrigued Tried to flee Refused to accept constitutional status Guillotined January 21, 1793 at age 38

    15. Queen Marie Antoinette1755-1793 Daughter of Austrian monarch Francis I Wife of Louis XVI Capricious, superficial, uncooperative Helped alienate the monarchy from the people Guillotined October 16, l793

    16. Leaders Controllers-General Turgot Necker Calonne Necker (again) Constitutional Leader Lafayette (1757-1834) Necker: Swiss – Finance leader; dismissed… reinstated but dismissal now led to rising in Paris and fall of Bastille. Lafayette ( Hero of Am Rev) drafted Declaration of Rights of Man (inspired by Locke, Rousseau, and American Bill of Rights) Saved King and family in Insurrection of women; hated by extremists for his moderation.Necker: Swiss – Finance leader; dismissed… reinstated but dismissal now led to rising in Paris and fall of Bastille. Lafayette ( Hero of Am Rev) drafted Declaration of Rights of Man (inspired by Locke, Rousseau, and American Bill of Rights) Saved King and family in Insurrection of women; hated by extremists for his moderation.

    17. Lafayette Hero of American Revolution Drafted Declaration of Rights of Man Inspired by Locke, Rousseau, American Bill of Rights Saved King and family in Insurrection of Women Hated by extremists for his moderation.

    18. Revolutionary Leaders Danton Desmoulins Marat, Jean Paul Robespierre Roland, Jean Marie

    19. Danton Relative moderate Lawyer in Paris, 1789 Minister of Justice, 1792 Voted to execute king Lost power to Robespierre Guillotined, 1794 Georges Jacques Danton: 1759-94Georges Jacques Danton: 1759-94

    20. Desmoulins Journalist / pamphleteer Orator in storming of Bastille Urged moderation as Terror progressed Guillotined with Danton, 1794

    21. Jean Paul Marat Studied medicine Advocated radical reforms Opposed the Girondins Murdered by Charlotte Corday (Girondist)

    22. Maximilian Robespierre Lawyer Gained influence for incorruptibility Founded Jacobins – extremist leader Destroyed Gironde Instituted Reign of Terror (1793) Execution, July 28, 1794

    23. Jean Marie Roland Industrial Scientist Minister of Interior A Girondist – fled Robespierre Wife killed at guillotine (1793) Committed suicide

    24. Napoleon Bonaparte1769 - 1821 Officer of artillery Dislodged British fleet from Toulon (12/1793) Decisive in suppressing third and last sans-culotte uprising of 13 Vendemiaire (October 4, 1795)… ending the French Revolution. Fall of Toulon: led to city’s surrender to the French revolutionary army. Fast rising in military orders!Fall of Toulon: led to city’s surrender to the French revolutionary army. Fast rising in military orders!

    25. How does Dickens use history? Social conditions Events Dates Persons

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