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1 Kings: Solomon

1 Kings: Solomon. United Monarchy: Saul, David, Solomon 1000BC. Transition of power. Adonijah’s bid for throne David’s failure as a father (I Kgs . 1:6) Nathan & Bathsheba plot (1:11ff) Bathsheba’s son: Solomon (1:31, 33)

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1 Kings: Solomon

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  1. 1 Kings: Solomon United Monarchy: Saul, David, Solomon 1000BC

  2. Transition of power • Adonijah’s bid for throne • David’s failure as a father (I Kgs. 1:6) • Nathan & Bathsheba plot (1:11ff) • Bathsheba’s son: Solomon (1:31, 33) • Solomon’s absence from the narrative: others speak for and about him 1:19, 26, 32, 38, he only seems to speak in “official” contexts

  3. Solomon’s beginnings • David’s advice: law of Moses, Davidic covenantal “if” 2:2ff • David’s hit list (1 Kgs 2) • Joab (2:5, 28ff), • Shimei (2:5, 37ff), • Adonijah [Abishag] (2:17ff) • Solomon already wise before dream (2:6, 9)

  4. Solomon at Gibeon • Dream at Gibeon: 3:4f • Solomon’s humility—child? (3:7)—how old is Solomon?—already has a 1 year old son by an Ammonitess (contra 11:1f) • Wealth -- why?—ironic reading, Marxist reading and difficulty with wealth, destruction of the heroic/achievement • Long life – why? (3:14) • Solomon’s wisdom victory: 2 women & a baby (3:24)

  5. Solomon’s wisdom • Proverbs man -- (4:30ff) comparison cross cultures? • Pharaoh’s daughter 3:1; 7:8; 9:24; 11:1; Prov. wisdom=woman, no temple, Proverbs 22 –Amenemope, wisdom builds her house (9:1ff) • Temple construction: (ch. 5-6) –Hiram’s help—floating cedars of Lebanon, ships • Solomon’s dedication prayer (8:27) • on great achievements ( pride or worship) • Solomon’s fame: queen of Sheba (10:1, 6)

  6. Solomon’s folly • Solomon’s folly: Pharaoh’s daughter (3:1) + wives/concubines (11:1) –married before king to Ammonitess???-Rehoboam 41 (1 Kgs 14:21). • Is it possible to turn away? (11:4, 9), Is Eccles. The answer—he turns back? • On wisdom and folly: reading Solomon narrative 1 Cor. 1:27; 8:1 knowledge puffs up • Kingdom torn: 11:11f—but for David’s sake • North: Jeroboam—ten tribes (Israel/Ephraim) • South: Rehoboam—Judah

  7. Kings: the Divided Monarchy Israel/Ephraim: 931-722 BC  Assyria [Nineveh] Judah: 931-586 BC  [Babylon]

  8. The Split--1 Kgs 12 • Rehoboam’s mistake: young versus old • On advice receiving & learning to listen (12:6ff); Adoniram 12:18 • Northern Kingdom = Israel • All bad kings • Southern Kingdom = Judah—David’s descendants • Mostly bad: except Uzziah, Hezekiah, Josiah

  9. Kings of Israel 931-722 BC • Jeroboam --> Nadab • Baasha --> Elah • Zimri • Omri AhabAhaziah Joram • JehuJehoahaz Jehoash  Jeroboam II • Shallum/Menahem/Pekahiah/PekahHoshea Assyria [Nineveh] 722BC (Shalmaneser V/ Sargon II)

  10. Jeroboam (931-910 BC) 1 Kgs 12-14 • Golden calves: Dan & Bethel

  11. Israel-whole

  12. Jeroboam (931-910 BC) 1 Kgs 12-14 • Golden calves: Dan & Bethel 12:27ff • Epithet: taught Israel to sin • Spectacular prophecy: 1 Kgs. 13:2 Josiah • Critical response: Prophecy post eventu • Short range confirmation (altar split) • Short range verifying long range prophecy • Son dies 14:12 fulfilling short prophecy guarantees long—line will end

  13. Ahab (874-853 BC) I Kgs 16:29ff • Omri (Ahab’s father) moved capital to Samaria, Mesha & Moabite stone (830 BC) mentions him as do Tiglath-pileser’s annals in Assyria (732 BC) “house of Omri” • Son, Ahab marries Jezebel and Baal worship grows in Israel • King’s denial cycle • God’s judgment • Prophets blamed/killed/beat up//false prophets tell what king wants to hear • No desire to repent or face God’s judgment • Elijah the troubler of Israel (I Kgs 18:17f) • Projection: my problem projected onto others

  14. Israel-whole

  15. Jezreel Valley

  16. Elijah Prophets of Baal • On Mt. Carmel--storms • Elijah’s call for a decision (18:21) • Baal: rain god (Ugarit) • Is sarcasm ever appropriate? • 18:27 yes • Why did they cut themselves? • Greatest victory of his life

  17. Jezebel’s power over Elijah • Her threat 19:2 • His (Elijah’s) flight I Kgs 19:3 • On a godly man (19:5) • Depression? On highs and lows • Wishing for death? • Existential aloneness 19:10f • Elijah’s 3 anointings to do: Hazael, Jehu, Elishah

  18. Naboth’s vineyard (I Kgs 21:1-16) • Do good guys always win? -story line • Religious evil (21:10, 24-25) • God’s judgment (21:19) • Ahab repents (1 Kgs 21:27-29) • Grace notes

  19. Dates to know • Abraham: 2000 BC • David 1000 BC • Israel Deported/scattered to Assyria 722 BC • Judah Deported to Babylon 586 BC • Return and End of OT (Ezra/Nehemiah/Malachi) 400 BC

  20. Elisha stories (2 Kgs 6-7) • Translation of Elijah (2 Kgs 2) • Not twice as much -- on mentors 2:9 • Chariots of fire –translation of Elijah 2:11 • “Children” at Bethel (2 Kgs 2:23f) • 2 Women each according to her need • Multiplying oil (4:1-7) used what she had • son given, woman’s pleading & boy raised 4:18-37

  21. Elisha Stories (cont.) • Healing of Naaman the Syrian • Gehazi’s greed (2 Kgs 5) • Do angels really drive chariots (6:17) • On Culture and revelation • Syria and kindness to your enemies (2 Kgs. 6:22) POWs • Cannibalism (2 Kgs 6:28) • Bible and reality PG-13?

  22. Summary of Israel 931-722 BC • All bad facing major enemies: • Sins of Jeroboam followed – golden calves • Two forces moving history: • Sin – Consequences (repentance) • Prophecy -- Fulfillment • Syria: Damascus • Assyria: Nineveh rising power • Israel carried away to Nineveh 722 BC

  23. Founding of the Samaritans • 10 Tribes scattered; poor left in land, foreigners hauled in to intermarry = Samaritans. “Fear of God” in 2 Kgs. 17

  24. Summary of Israel 931-722 BC • All bad facing major enemies: • Sins of Jeroboam followed – golden calves • Two forces moving history: • Sin – Consequences (repentance) • Prophecy -- Fulfillment • Syria=Aram: Damascus • Assyria: Nineveh rising power • Israel carried away to Nineveh 722 BC

  25. Dates to know • Moses 1440 BC • David 1000 BC • Ahab 860 BC • Israel Deported to Assyria 722 BC • Judah Deported to Judah 586 BC • End of OT (Ezra/Nehemiah/Malachi) 400 BC

  26. Prophets • 9th century: Elijah & Elisha • 8th Century: (injustice & idolatry) • Israel: Hosea • Judah: Isaiah, Micah, Amos, Joel • Nineveh: Jonah • Edom: Obadiah

  27. Prophets: • 800’s: Elijah, Elisha • 700’s: Isa, Micah, Amos, Joel, Jonah, Obadiah • 600’s: Nahum (Nineveh), Jeremiah • 500’s: Jer.; Daniel. Ezek. (Babylon) • 400’s Post-exilic: Zecharaiah, Haggai, Malachi

  28. Kings of Judah

  29. Rehoboam (931 BC kingdom splits) • Listens to young men: more taxes--people revolt

  30. 3 Chronology problems/solutions • Asa (1 Kgs 15:9ff; 2 Chr 14-16) • 2 Chr 16:1 war with Baasha in 36th year of Asa • Bassha dies in 26 yr of Asa (1 Kgs 16:6-8) • Solution: • Two dating systems one from Asa’s reign; • Other dating system from beginning of split of kingdom (931 BC)

  31. Second Chronology Problem • Jehoshaphat (870-8455 BC) • Joram son of Ahab begins to reign 2nd yr of Jehoram (Jehoshaphat’s son) • Joram began to reign in 18th yr of Jehoshaphat • Solution • Co-regency • Problem: good king but gave son to Ahab’s daughter

  32. Third Chronology Problem • Jehoram 40 when he dies (2 Chr 21:20) • Son begins to reign is 42 yrs old (2 Chr 22:1a, 2a) • Solution: son really only 22 text problem on the number

  33. Joash (835 -796 BC) • Influence of godly man on younger king (2 Kgs 11; 2 Chr 24) • As long as Jehoiada was alive he did well

  34. Hezekiah (715-686 BC) • Best king of Judah • Sennacherib of Assyria surrounds Jerusalem • Hezekiah’s prayer and victory (2 Kgs 18:13-16) • Hezekiah’s writing of Proverbs 25-29 -- editors of the Bible • Hezekiah’s lengthened life (2 Kgs 20:1-6)

  35. Josiah (640-609 BC) • Revival 2 Kgs 22:1a; 2 Chr 34:4-5 • Repairs temple • Finds book of the law (Deut) • Huldah the prophetess 2 Kgs 22:15-17 • Jehoiakim/Jehoiachin/Zedekiah • Dealing with Babylon—Jeremiah warns them

  36. 612 BC Nineveh destroyed by Babylon

  37. Babylonian attacks on Judah • 606 Nebuchadnezzar subjects Jerusalem • 597 BC carries off leaders (Daniel) • 586 BC destroys Jerusalem & first temple

  38. 70 Years in Babylon • In Babylon: Daniel, Ezekiel • Ezra and Nehemiah come back; rebuild second temple, wall

  39. Major OT lessons • God is awesome (dynamic, moving history, entering people’s lives) • People have a choice on how they respond to good & evil • People bent on evil (all of us -- don’t ever forget it) Sin – consequences • Prophecy -- Fulfillment

  40. Major OT lessons (cont) • God’s grace is where its at • Immanuel – God with us big theme • Isa 7:14ff, 53 Suffering servant

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