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Invention of Photography/Image

Invention of Photography/Image. Camera Obscura. 5th century Mo Ti first to record creation of inverted image with pinhole in screen Saw that rays from top of object will produce the lower part of image No further mention until 9th century. Room Camera Obscura. Box Camera Obscura.

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Invention of Photography/Image

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  1. Invention of Photography/Image

  2. Camera Obscura • 5th century • Mo Ti first to record creation of inverted image with pinhole in screen • Saw that rays from top of object will produce the lower part of image • No further mention until 9th century

  3. Room Camera Obscura

  4. Box Camera Obscura

  5. Camera Lucida • 19th century • Not easy to use • Trace of outline only possible when 1/2 of eye and pencil point on paper

  6. Camera Obscura • Number of advances made to it • Instrument makers kept producing it • Renderings look like “an out of focus photo” • Vermeer

  7. Nicephore Niepce • Accredited with invention • Born 1765 in France • 1797 travels to Sardinia said to be the 1st idea he has of photography • 1816 starts on goal to make permanent imgs seen at back of cam O.

  8. First Non-Fixed Image • Sheets of silver salts coated paper (blackens in daylight) at the back of cam O. • Image was a negative then vanished because in broad daylight, paper blackens • He called these images retinas

  9. First Fixed Image • 1824 put lithographic stones, coated w/ bitumen (or asphalt) at the back of cam O. • Obtains fixed img of landscape • Extremely long exposure time of a few days Hangs in Harry Ransom Center at UT in Austin

  10. Heliography Process Niepce dissolved powdered Judea Bitumen in lavender oil Then he spread this solution in a very thin layer on a base glass, stone, copper, tin, silver With a hot drying process he got a shiny varnish with a cherry red color

  11. Heliography Process Then he would expose the varnished plate in a camera obscura After exp no visible img so he dipped plate in diluted lavender oil which dissolved bitumen parts that had not been exp or little to light Resulting img was a negative

  12. Heliography Process To get positive: without any further processing under the condition to make this img with a thin layer of varnish with an underexp. In this case the varnish was mat and by reflection, with a low angled light and in a dark place, img would appear positive. From 1827 on Submitting silver plate to iodine vapors to get a positive img. Niepce would place in box with iodine crystals that evaporated spontaneosly. From 1828-1831

  13. Heliography Process Within few min the iodine fumes oxydized the silver insufficiently protected by varnish. This created a layer of silver iodide on metal surface, which once varnish was eliminated, would blacken under the action of light. A positive image.

  14. Niepce and Daguerre • 1827 Niepce and Daguerre meet in Paris • Daguerre (1787-1851) was a painter and stage decorator and also had the idea of photography • 1829-2 men exchanged ideas through mail • 1832 came up with the Physautotype process

  15. Physautotype • Used tree resins and residue of lavender oil distillation. • Exp time went down to 8 hours

  16. Daguerre • 1833 Niepce dies, Daguerre worked alone and invented Daguerreotype • 1835 Daguerre got positive imgs using far shorter exp times than heliography and physautotype • 1837 fixed those imgs using techniques learnt from Niepce and possessed process that produced imgs in only a few min w/ cam O.

  17. Went to Science Academy in France with his creation 4000 francs allotted to D. and Isidore (Niepce’s son) Daguerreotype made it possible to do portraits Flaw: expensive and could not be duplicated Daguerreotype Daguerre and Daguerreotype

  18. Talbot • William Henry Fox Talbot (1800-1877) • English chemist • Creator of the Calotype process

  19. Calotype • Talbot sensitized paper to light with a silver salt solution. • He then exposed the paper to light. • Fixed in strong salt solution • Added gallic acid, paper became more sensitive to light and no longer necessary to expose until img became visible

  20. Calotype • Lower quality prints • But reproducible (what today’s photography is based on)

  21. Archer and Collodion Process • Frederick Scott Archer introduced the Collodion process in 1851 • Reduced exp time to 2-3 sec • Cheap

  22. Film • 1888 John corbutt coated sheets of celluloid w/photgraphic emulsion • 1889 George Eastman produced roll film for a new cam called the Kodak • After exp, film would be returned still in cam for processing • Early films highly inflammable so they were replaced in 1930’s to non-iflammable

  23. Relating to Seminal Text

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