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Engineering Means having to deal with failure. Missions to Mars as an example of try, try, try again…. Flyby missions. Launch (Mariner 4): November 28, 1964 Flyby (Mariner 4): July 14, 1965 Mass: 261 kilograms (575 pounds) NASA built 10 of the Mariners between 1962 and 1973
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Engineering Means having to deal with failure Missions to Mars as an example of try, try, try again…
Flyby missions Launch (Mariner 4): November 28, 1964Flyby (Mariner 4): July 14, 1965Mass: 261 kilograms (575 pounds)NASA built 10 of the Mariners between 1962 and 1973 Science instruments: Camera with digital tape recorder (about 20 pictures), instruments studying cosmic dust, solar plasma, trapped radiation, cosmic rays, magnetic fields, radio occultation and celestial mechanics
Orbiters (and landers) Launch (Mariner 9): May 30, 1971Arrival (Mariner 9): November 13, 1971Mass: 998 kilograms (2,200 pounds)Science instruments: Wide- and narrow-angle cameras with digital tape recorder, infrared spectrometer and radiometer, ultraviolet spectrometer, radio occultation and celestial mechanics instruments Mariner 9 was the first successful satellite To orbit mars
LandersViking 1 and 2 (1975-76) Launch: August 20, 1975 (Viking 1); September 9, 1975 (Viking 2)Arrival: June 19, 1976 (Viking 1); August 7, 1976 (Viking 2)Mass: 2,325 kilograms (5,125 pounds) with fuelScience instruments: High-resolution Camera, Atmospheric Water-vapor Mapper, Surface Heat Mapper, Occultation Experiment
2001 Mars Odyssey Launch: April 7, 2001Arrival: October 24, 2001Mass: 758 kilograms (1,671 pounds), fueledScience instruments: Thermal Emission maging System (THEMIS), Gamma Ray pectrometer (GRS), Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE)
2003 Mars Exploration Rovers Launch: June-July 2003Arrival: January 2004Science instruments: Panoramic Camera, Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer, Mössbauer Spectrometer, Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer, Microscopic Imager
List of missions to Mars Launch: June-July 2003Arrival: January 2004Science instruments: Panoramic Camera, Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer, Mössbauer Spectrometer, Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer, Microscopic Imager
Success rate of all missions (to 2004) • 30 missions • 3 countries (US, USSR/Russia, Japan) • 12 successful missions • 38% success • 68% failure (and more that were successful, but failed to complete all of their mission)
What did they have? • Ph.D. (doctors of science) • The best engineers in the world • A lot of $$$ • Governmental support • Decades of work going into some of the missions
So if you don’t feel like you are being successful, just remember that we aren’t NASA or the European Space Agency • We are building with toys (LEGO) • We are brand new at this (whereas a doctor of science will have gone to college for at least 8 years.