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Hinduism

Hinduism. Hinduism. Most ancient religious tradition in Asia (world?) Vedas – Hindu sacred texts Polytheistic - May be viewed as monothestic Castes Brahman, priestly Kshatriya, warrior/ruler Vaisya, tradesman and farmer Sudra, servant and laborer Untouchables (de facto 5 th caste).

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Hinduism

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  1. Hinduism

  2. Hinduism • Most ancient religious tradition in Asia (world?) • Vedas – Hindu sacred texts • Polytheistic - May be viewed as monothestic • Castes • Brahman, priestly • Kshatriya, warrior/ruler • Vaisya, tradesman and farmer • Sudra, servant and laborer • Untouchables (de facto 5th caste)

  3. Central belief is in reincarnation • Transmigration of the soul • Cycles of creation – birth to death to birth • Role of dharma & karma • Effect on diet

  4. Characteristics of Hinduism • No clergy or religious requirements – • No real splintering or sects • Can be practiced in many ways & at many levels so there was no need to “split off.” • No concept of a personal God • Each individual is seeking to comprehend the ultimate reality while living out his/her dharma with the goal of union with Brahman once the cycle of reincarnation is ended.

  5. Monotheism?

  6. Hindu Landscape Varanesi, Ganges River

  7. Ganges River

  8. Buddhism

  9. Buddhism • Siddhartha Gautama – Kshatriya Caste • Buddha – Enlightened One • Four Noble Truths • Life involves suffering • Cause of suffering is desire • Elimination of desire ends suffering • Right thinking and behavior eliminate desire • Diffused from India

  10. Buddhism • Nirvana • Buddhism is a way of living that achieves release from reincarnation and suffering • God is not knowable, so is, therefore, not a major concern in Buddhism • Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) rejected the caste system

  11. Buddhism • Scriptures: Vinaya (discipline) – expanded later • Branches: • Theravada (south) – monk seeks own deliverance • Mahayana (north) – role of bodhisattvas & ritual • Tibetan Lamaism – example of syncretism

  12. Branches of Buddhism

  13. The Way (the 8-Fold Path) The threefold scheme of morality 1.Right understanding 2.Right thought Faith (initially) Wisdom: III (ultimately) 3.Right speech 4.Right bodily action 5.Right livelihood Morality: I 6.Right moral effort 7.Right mindfulness 8.Right concentration Meditation: II The Eight-Fold Path

  14. Buddhist Landscapes Thailand Cambodia Tibet Buddhist Stupas

  15. Buddhist Stupa, Chiang Mai, Thailand

  16. Grand Palace, Bangkok, Thailand Buddhist Temple, Louang pPhrabang, Laos

  17. Tibetan Buddhist Prayer Wheels Tibetan Landscapes

  18. Grand Palace, Bangkok Thailand Wat Chedi Luang, Chang Mai Thailand

  19. Borobodour, Indonesia Golden Temple, Kyoto Japan

  20. Buddhist Temple, Kharkorin, Mongolia Angor Wat, Cambodia

  21. Other Religions • Eastern Religions • Confucianism – China • Taoism – China • Shinto – Japan • Zoroastrianism – Iran • Baha'i – Iran • Animism and Shamanism

  22. Taoism The natural is the essenceof all that must be known,and the placewhere all must return

  23. Confucianism

  24. Shintoism

  25. Animism and Shamanism • Animism • Belief in influence of spirits or spiritual forces in all creation • Characteristic of many African & Native American religions • Shamanism • the religion of certain peoples, esp. some indigenous to N Asia, based on a belief in good and evil spirits who can be influenced only by the shamans

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