Subject: Science To pic: Flight Technology Gr ades: 5 - 8

2. Teacher Notes Subject: Science Topic: Flight Technology Grades: 5 - 8

3. Lesson Objectives By the end of this lesson students should be able to: Understand about flight The history of flight Principles of flight Different types of planes

4. Lesson Notes This lesson will help focus on explaining the concept of 
flight. The history of flight includes development of heavier-
than-air flying machines. Important landmarks and events 
along the way to the invention of the airplane include an 
understanding of the dynamic reaction of lifting surfaces (or wings), building absolutely reliable engines that 
produced sufficient power to propel an airframe, and solving 
the problem of flight control in three dimensions.

5. Flight Fundamentals Label the flight terms.

6. Correct Answer Tap on the plane.

7. Forces in Flight Erase the color, then write the term. Positive force caused by air pressure on the wing. Force that causes objects to go downwards. Force that propels an object forward. Resistance of the air to anything moving through it.

8. Correct Answer Lift Gravity Positive force caused by air pressure on the wing. Force that causes objects to go downwards. Drag Thrust Force that propels an object forward. Resistance of the air to anything moving through it.

9. How does Weather affect Flying? Heavy rain can make it difficult to see. Snow can block engine air intakes affecting engine performance. Ice can stick to planes changing the weight and the shape of the wing, decreasing the ability to cause lift. Wind causes turbulence (uncomfortable bumps during flight) and difficulty during take off or landings.

10. Microbursts: Danger in the Sky Microbursts are dramatic weather events that cause strong bursts of wind. They usually occur because of thunderstorms. Wet Microbursts occur during rain. Dry Microbursts occur during dry conditions.

11. ` Microbursts can be dangers to airplanes, especially when taking off or landing. The strong winds can create serious problems. Scientists are trying to predict microbursts. If air on the ground is a different temperature from the air in the troposphere, microbursts are likely to occur.

12. Text Dependent Questions 1. According to the author, how does the approaching front determine what weather is produced? 2. According to the text, why are frontal systems shown on weather maps? 3. How can clouds be used as an indicator for weather? 4. Compare and contrast wet and dry microbursts. 5. According to the text, why is work being done to predict microbursts?

13. Parts of an Aircraft Enlarge each part of the airplane to see the 
details. Ailerons are hinged control surfaces attached to the trailing 
edge of the wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. The ailerons are used 
to control the aircraft in roll. The two ailerons are typically 
interconnected so that one goes down when the other goes up: 
the down going aileron increases the lift on its wing while the up 
going aileron reduces the lift on its wing, producing a rolling 
moment. Cockpit Ailerons A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of 
an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft. Elevators are flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an 
aircraft, which control the aircraft's orientation by changing the 
pitch of the aircraft, and so also the angle of attack of the wing. 
In simplified terms, they make the aircraft nose-up or nose-
down. Wings Elevators The wings generate most of the lift to hold the plane in the air. 
The turbine engines, which are located beneath the wings, 
provide the thrust to overcome drag and push the airplane 
forward through the air. Tail Fuselage Tail Elevators The fuselage is an aircraft's main body section that holds crew 
and passengers or cargo. A tail plane, also known as horizontal stabilizer is a small lifting 
surface located on the tail behind the main lifting surfaces of a 
fixed-wing aircraft. The tail plane serves three purposes: 
equilibrium, stability and control. Slats Wings Engine Slats are aerodynamic surfaces on the leading edge of the 
wings of fixed-wing aircraft which, when deployed, allow the 
wing to operate at a higher angle of attack. A higher coefficient 
of lift is produced as a product of angle of attack and speed, so 
by deploying slats an aircraft can fly more slowly or take off 
and land in a shorter distance. An aircraft engine is a propulsion system for an aircraft. Aircraft 
engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or 
gas turbines. Fuselage Slats Flaps Flaps are hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the wings of a 
fixed-wing aircraft. As flaps are extended, the stalling speed of 
the aircraft is reduced, which means that the aircraft can fly 
safely at lower speeds. Flaps Ailerons Cockpit Engine

14. Types of Planes Build a cargo plane or a concept plane. Concept Plane Cargo Plane

15. Correct Answer Concept Plane Cargo Plane

16. Types of Planes Build a fighter plane or a passenger plane. Passenger Plane Fighter Plane

17. Correct Answer Fighter Plane Passenger Plane