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Unit 8 Science and Technology

Unit 8 Science and Technology. Unit 8 Science and Technology. Unit 8 Science and Technology. Lead-in. I. Which of the following statements do you think are true about science and technology? Tick ( √ ) them.

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Unit 8 Science and Technology

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  1. Unit 8 Science and Technology

  2. Unit 8Science and Technology

  3. Unit 8Science and Technology Lead-in I. Which of the following statements do you think are true about science and technology? Tick (√) them. 1. Science is all about figures and facts, while art is all about emotions and feelings. 2. In the future, science and technology will be a key driver of social changes. 3. The development of information technology is changing the way of teaching and learning greatly. 4. Where there are no statistics, there is no truth. 5. Playing video games will help the young generation to adapt themselves to the world of new technology. 6. People today depend too much on technology in everyday life. TEXT A

  4. Unit 8Science and Technology Lead-in II. Work in pairs. Find out your partner’s opinions on the statements above. Example A: Do you agree that science is all about figures and facts while art is all about emotions and feelings? B: To be honest, I don’t agree with this. I think science also involves emotions and feelings. TEXT A When stating things that are negative in some way, we often add a short expression like: To be honest, … I have to say, … I must admit, …

  5. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Background Information 世界上最大的数据中心 世界上最大的数据中心是微软的位于芝加哥的数据中心。在这个数据中心的第一层放置了多达56个集装箱，每个集装箱内放置了1800到2500台服务器。保证机房凉爽的水冷系统拥有长达12 公里的冷水管道。虽然这个数据中心非常庞大，但是在这个数据中心内只有30到45名工作人员。

  6. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Background Information 世界上最大的数据调研公司 AC尼尔森1923年成立于美国芝加哥。它是全球领先的市场调研、资讯和分析服务的提供者，专门为企业收集、整理并提供让企业感兴趣的市场调研数据。其服务对象包括消费产品和服务行业，以及政府和社会机构。AC尼尔森公司目前在全球100多个国家里有超过9000家的客户，是目前世界最大的市场调研公司。

  7. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Translation Statistics is an indispensable part in modern news or comments to show credibility. However, do statistics necessarily mean truth? TEXT A

  8. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Translation Truth and Statistics 1 We are attacked by statistics every day –from opinionpolls to government figures on crime, from measures of what is a healthy weight should be, to product claims in advertising: “eight out of ten owners said their cats preferred it”, and so on! What is more, where there is a statistic, there is also bound to be an argument with counter statistics.

  9. 2 Faced with this storm of figures, it is easy to run and hide or alternatively to simply respond with critical expressions. However, both responses are probably born out of a fear of Maths. Actually, statistics is simply a way of interpreting data. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Translation

  10. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Translation 3 Even so, different interpretations have lesser or greater validity. A survey with a sample of 5,000 chosen at random will be more valid than if you just asked five friends who think the same way as you. A study which has been checked by other experts is more likely to be accurate than one which is published anonymously on the Internet. Without any truth in statistics, we have no science, no policy developments, no progress. So every citizen is supposed to be equipped with a basic understanding of how statistics work and a certain doubt which looks for underlying problems with the data and research we are presented with.

  11. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Translation 4 For example, differences between absolute and relative figures can be made to work for what you want. Company A could report it had increased production 100% more than a rival, by comparing relative increases. Company A may have started producing 1,000 TVs and increased it to 1,400 (40%) while Company B started from 10,000 and increased it to 12,000 (only 20%). Furthermore, the absolute increase may hide inefficiencies, because Company A employed more people to get the increase whereas Company B achieved it while reducingstaff.

  12. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Translation 5 In the case of probabilities, we also need to ask whether variablesare independent of each other and the sample group. For example, the chances of being involved in a train crash are the same each time you board a train: in terms of the passenger, it is essentially a random event, like winning the lottery. So experiencing a train accident will not increase your risk the next time you take the train. The probability of having a heart attack, however, may be dependent onvarious things including whether you have had one before. If you have, the risk of another is very much increased.

  13. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Translation 6 Finally, once you have checked the figures, you still need to assess the conclusions drawn: the fact that TV sales increased in line with crime does not prove that one affected the other. The choice of statistics and conclusions may be the result of self-interest if the researcher is not independent.

  14. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A New Words

  15. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A I. Choose the best answer to each question below. 1. What does the writer mean by saying that we are “attacked by statistics” (para. 1)? A. Statistics may harm our life if we don’t take them seriously. B. People often use statistics to criticise others strongly. C. People are usually eager to read statistics. D. We see statistics in many aspects of life every day. D

  16. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A A 2. Which of the following is a relative figure? A. Company A has increased sales volume 200% more than a rival. B. Company B has increased its production from 500 tons to 1000 tons a day. C. Company C employed 15 new workers last month. D. Company D decides to reduce much of its marketing cost.

  17. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A 3. What attitude towards statistics does the writer suggest? A. Run and hide from statistics. B. Equip yourself with basic skills of understanding statistics. C. Interpret the statistics in your own way. D. Respond with critical expressions. B

  18. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A 4. What can we infer from paragraph 5? A. Whether variables are independent will influence the probabilities. B. Whether you have won a lottery will influence the probability of winning it next time. C. Whether you have had a heart attack will not influence the probability of having it next time. D. Experiencing a train accident will increase one’s risk the next time you take a train. A

  19. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A 5. What does the writer say about conclusions? A. The choice of conclusions is bound to be the result of self-interest. B. Once you have checked that the researcher is independent, you can trust the conclusions. C. The conclusions may not be trustworthy even if the statistics are checked. D. No conclusions can be drawn if the researcher is not independent. C

  20. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A II. Check whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Correct the falseones. ( ) 1. Different interpretations of the same statistics have more or less the same validity. ( ) 2. Truth in statistics is important to the development of the world. F Different interpretations have lesser or greater validity. T

  21. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A ( ) 3. A company that has increased production by 40% is surely more efficient than its rival whichhas increased by 20%. ( ) 4. When considering probabilities, we need to make sure that variables are dependent on eachother. F A company that has increased production by 40% isn’t surely more efficient than its rival which has increased by 20%. F When considering probabilities, we need to make sure that variables are independent of each other and the sample group.

  22. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A ( ) 5. The fact that TV sales increased in line with crime shows that one had obvious effect on theother. F The fact that TV sales increased in line with crime does not prove that one affected the other.

  23. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A I. Complete the following sentences with words orphrases from the text and thenput them in order. 1. Different interpretations have lesser or greater ______. 2. We need to keep four points in mind when trying to understand __________. 3. In the case of probabilities, we need to ask whether variables are _____________ each otherand the sample group. 4. Differences between _________ and relative figures can be made to work for what you want. 5. Once you have checked the figures, you still need to assess the __________ drawn. validity statistics independent of absolute conclusions Order: □-□-□-□-□ 2 1 4 3 5

  24. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A II. Write a summary of the text, using the five sentences above. Makechanges if necessary. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ We need to keep four points in mind when trying to understand statistics. Firstly, different interpretations have lesser or greater validity. Secondly, differences between absolute and relative figures can be made to work for what you want. Thirdly, in the case of probabilities, we need to ask whether variables are independent of each other and the sample group. Finally, once you have checked the figures, you still need to assess the conclusions drawn. Tip You may need to use firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally to make your summary more fluent.

  25. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Words and Phrases I. Complete the following sentences with correct prepositions. with 1. Every multimedia classroom is equipped _______ a computer and a projector. 2. Jack is old enough to be independent ________ his parents. 3. When faced ________ a storm of figures, they chose to ignore them. 4. The chance of being involved ________ a plane crash is as narrow as being struck by lightning. 5.We need to find out useful information from the chart we are presented ________. of with in with

  26. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Words and Phrases II. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the given words. 1. The __________ (valid) of such certificates is recognised in society. 2. You know, I’m very encouraged by the positive __________ (respond), even though I didn’tpay much attention to polls before. 3. Countries that import natural gas will benefit from the worldwide increase in __________ (produce) because prices will be lower than expected. validity response production

  27. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Words and Phrases 4. The school encourages free __________ (express) in art, drama and creative writing. 5. That would give an overall __________ (probable) of success of 75%. 6. These problems are due to the ___________ (inefficient) of management instead of lack of staff. expression probability inefficiency

  28. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Words and Phrases III. Complete the following sentences with the words in the box below. Change the form if necessary. 1. Many people will choose to ___________ the cut of tax as a positivemove by the government. 2. Have you seen the latest ___________ on crime?Have they increased or decreased? 3. The sun ___________ by clouds and a chilly breeze blew. 4. The police ___________ the suspect’s fingerprints with those found at the crime scene. 5. There is no ___________ standard for beauty. interpret statistics was hidden compared absolute

  29. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Words and Phrases IV. Complete the following sentences with the phrases in the box below. Change the form if necessary. 1. He sometimes just opens a book __________, without any definite purpose. 2. She learns quickly, and ___________, she remembers what she has learned. 3. Traffic accidents ____________ happen at that intersection (十字路口). 4. Your plan is _____________ my ideas. 5. Success ______________ how hard you work. at random what is more are likely to in line with is dependent on

  30. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Words and Phrases V. Translate the following sentences into English with the given words or phrases. 1. 面对这些数字，她不知道该做出一个怎样的决定。(faced with) ____________________, she didn’t know what decision to make. Faced with these figures 2. 当你公布这些数据后，必然会有人不相信。 (be bound to) When you make these statistics public, there _______________________ who don’t believe in them. are bound to be some people

  31. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Words and Phrases 3. 这个男孩在飞机上的奇怪举止很有可能缘于他对飞行的恐惧。(be born out of) The boy’s strange behaviour on the plane _________ _________________________. 4. X和Y 变量是相互独立的：其中一个发生变化时，另一个不变。(be independent of) X and Y variables ____________________________: when one changes, the other does not. 5. 这些学生已经掌握了大学毕业后所需要的技能。 (be equipped with) These students ______________________________ __________ once they leave college. was probably born out of a fear of flying are independent of each other are equipped with the skills that they need

  32. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Grammar and Structure I. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the given words. 1. We ______________ (attack) by statistics every day. 2. _____________ (involve) in this situation, one finds it hard to keep calm. 3. Both responses _____________ (born) out of a fear of Maths. 4. A survey with a sample of 5,000 ______________ (choose) at random sounds valid. are attacked Involved are born chosen

  33. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Grammar and Structure 5. A study which _______________ (check) by other experts is more likely to be accurate than onewhich ____________ (publish) anonymously on the Internet. 6. Every citizen ____________(suppose) to __________ (equip) with a basic understandingof how statistics work. 7. We need to look for underlying problems with the data we ____________ (present) with. 8. The chances of ______________ (involved) in a train crash are the same each time you board atrain. has been checked is published is supposed be equipped are presented being involved

  34. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Text A Grammar and Structure II. Study the patterns in the boxes below and then translate the following sentences. ① … where there is a statistic, there is also bound to be an argument with counter statistics. (para. 1) 哪里有数据，哪里就有由相反数据支撑的观点。 ② “Where there are Asians, there are rice cookers,” Jack joked. “哪里有亚洲人，哪里就有电饭锅，”杰克开玩笑说。 ③ 哪里有孩子，哪里就有欢笑。 Where there are children, there is laughter. • where • there be …, • there be … • 要点：意为 • “哪里有……， • 哪里就有……”。

  35. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Text A Grammar and Structure ① Faced with this storm of figures, some people choose to run and hide … (para. 2) 面对这样的数字风暴，一些人选择了逃避…… ② Turning on the air conditioner, he feels warmer in the room. 打开了空调，他感觉屋子里暖和些了。 ③ 看着这张照片，我想起了那个故事。 Looking at this picture, I think of that story. 2. 分词结构 做状语 要点：分词的 逻辑主语是主 句的主语。若 二者为主动关 系，则使用现 在分词；若二 者为被动关系， 则使用过去分 词。

  36. Unit 8Science and Technology Text A Text A Grammar and Structure 2. with结构做 定语 要点：通常置 于其修饰的词 语之后。 ① A survey with a sample of 5,000 chosen at random will be more valid … (para. 3) 一个含有5000份随机样本的调查将会更加可信…… ② The woman with a baby in her arms was reading a newspaper. 那个手里抱着个婴儿的女人正在看报纸。 ③ 中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。 China is a great country with a long history.

  37. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B Background Information University of Wisconsin威斯康星大学 位于美国威斯康星州，创建于1848年，是一所世界顶尖的著名大学，世界大学学术排名第19位（2013年“上海交通大学世界大学学术排名500强”排名）。其工程、计算机、经济学、工商管理和社会学闻名于世，是全美最顶尖的十所研究型大学之一。

  38. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B Background Information West Virginia 西弗吉尼亚州 西弗吉尼亚州是美国东北部的一个州，有著名的阿帕拉契山脉，景观优美，别称为“山脉之州”。今日的西弗吉尼亚州以煤矿废墟闻名。西弗吉尼亚州的天然景观由于地势起伏较大的关系，相当丰富，旅游胜地包括全美第二高的新河峡大桥（New River Gorge Bridge，还有许多国家公园和州立公园。

  39. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B Background Information 史上最流行的游戏

  40. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B Translation With the development of science and technology, new forms of entertainment, like video gaming, start to appear. What are their effects on our lives? TEXT A

  41. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B Translation Not the End of the World 1 The popular media has long portrayed the players of video games as socially inadequate, under-achieving young males. They claim that those young people are doomed to remain glued to a screen for much of their waking lives, without the prospect of any kind of career or normal human relationship. Moreover, some journalists are keen to assume a strong correlation between violent or criminal tendencies and familiarity with shooting games. What is interesting to know is that research by the well-regarded sociologists Ian Macquarie and Karina Rylands (published 2009), has proved that social and even genetic factors have much more of an influence.

  42. 2 The truth is that the appeal of gaming is not limited to those of a particular gender or age. It’s a popular form of entertainment and is a far more mentally stimulating way of spending your time than watching television, which, funnily enough, was also accused of being “the downfall of culture” when it first began appearing in homes. Indeed, to deny even infants access to video games is to hold them back. It has always been the case that game play engages developing minds in the learning process, and modern technology offers exciting new opportunities in this regard. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B Translation

  43. 3 There are some areas of published research which some journalists chose to neglect, but are nevertheless widely available to people who take a genuine interest in their children’s social and intellectual development. First of all, scientists from the University of Wisconsin have established in a key study that traditional video games actually sharpen the mind, and not only in the case of young people. It has been shown that, by regularly engaging in this type of activity, the elderly are more likely to retain skills such as the ability to reason and multi-task into later life. Surely this is a highly desirable benefit, which could even lead to savings in health care. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B Translation

  44. 4 It may also be surprising to know that, contrary to the claims that video gaming automatically leads to childhood obesity, games are now increasingly being used for fitness training in the USA. In fact West Virginia has provided such a game to all the middle schools under its authority. People run, walk, jump, squat and dance on special mats, following instructions on a screen. When the weather doesn’t permit an outdoor physical education programme, children can still take indoor exercise using these “active” games, increasing their range of options. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B Translation

  45. 5 This does not mean that gaming has no serious side effects, but enjoyed in moderation, the advantages are numerous. The one-sided view of video gaming is simply frustrating. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B Translation

  46. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B I. Check whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). ( ) 1. The popular media has made it clear that there is no link between video games and aggressive behaviour. ( ) 2. Only lonely men take a genuine interest in gaming. ( ) 3. It’s almost impossible for parents to get access to research about the benefits of video games. ( ) 4. Games can help people to preserve their mental faculties for longer. ( ) 5. In West Virginia, video games have replaced outdoor sports in most middle schools. F F F T F

  47. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B II. Complete the answer to each question below. 1. What has been proved in the research by Ian Macquarie and Karina Rylands? ______________________ have much more of an influence thanshooting games on violent or criminal tendencies. 2. What was watching TV accused of when it began appearing in homes? It was accused of being _______________________. Social and genetic factors “the downfall of culture”

  48. Unit 8Science and Technology Text B 3. What advantage of video gaming is found by scientists from the University of Wisconsin? Traditional video games actually _________________ of both young people and the elderly. 4. How are video games increasingly being used in the USA? They are now increasingly being used for __________ ___________. sharpen the mind fitness training

  49. Unit 8Science and Technology Listening & Speaking 1. Problems with my Computer Warming Up Label the picture with the words in the box below. 1. cable 2. printer 3. mouse 4. scanner 5. file 6. keyboard 7. plug 8. screen 2 4 1 5 8 7 3 6

  50. Script Unit 8Science and Technology Listening & Speaking 1. Problems with My Computer Listening(8.4) I. Listen to four conversations. Choose the best answer to each question below.Each conversation will be spoken twice. Conversation One 1. What’s the problem? A. The computer doesn’t work. B. The computer can’t connect to the Internet. C. The computer gets too hot. D. The microphone doesn’t work. √

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