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Unit 1

Unit 1. Levels of Organization Characteristics of Life Requirements of Organisms Homeostasis Relative Positions Body Sections Body Region Adjectives. Levels of Organization (small to large). Subatomic particles (ex) proton Atom (ex) hydrogen atom Molecule (ex) water molecule

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Unit 1

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  1. Unit 1 Levels of Organization Characteristics of Life Requirements of Organisms Homeostasis Relative Positions Body Sections Body Region Adjectives

  2. Levels of Organization(small to large) • Subatomic particles (ex) proton • Atom (ex) hydrogen atom • Molecule (ex) water molecule • Macromolecule (ex) DNA • Organelle (ex) nucleus • Cell (ex) muscle cell • Tissue (ex) connective tissue • Organ (ex) heart • Organ system (ex) digestive system • Organism (ex) human

  3. Definitions • Anatomy – “a cutting up” in Greek. Examines structures of body parts and their forms and organization. (ex) Geography is to countries/cities/structures of the Earth as Anatomy is to structures of the body.

  4. History of Anatomical Terminology • About 90% of today’s medical terminology are formed primarily from about 1,200 Greek and Latin roots. • The ancient Greeks and Romans coined many of the words still used in human anatomy today: duodenum, uterus, prostate, cerebellum, diaphragm, sacrum, amnion, and others.

  5. Definitions, cont. • Physiology – “relationship to nature” in Greek. Looks at functions of body parts; what they do and how they do it. ***genetics has unlocked many mysteries physiology. • physical and chemical events that obtain, release, and use energy in cells are called metabolic events. • Metabolism – all of the chemical rxns in cells.

  6. Characteristics of Life • Circulation • Assimilation • Excretion • Movement • Responsiveness • Growth • Reproduction • Respiration • Digestion • Absorption

  7. Requirements of Organisms • Food • Water • Heat • Pressure • Oxygen “Flying Whales Hate Purple Oysters”

  8. Organ Systems Lymphatic Digestive Respiratory Urinary Reproductive • Integumentary • Skeletal • Muscular • Nervous • Endocrine • Cardiovascular

  9. Homeostasis = the body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment. *requires most of our metabolic energy. Homeostatic mechanisms all have: 1. receptors 2. control center/set point 3. effectors (ex) negative feedback (ex) air conditioning/thermostat

  10. Anatomical Position • Standing tall • Facing forward • Arms at side • Palms forward

  11. Relative Positions Position: Opposite: Inferior Posterior Lateral Distal Deep • Superior • Anterior • Medial • Proximal • Superficial • Others: • Bilateral (lungs) • Contralateral (opposite side, right leg brake = more weight on left leg) • Ipsilateral (lung and kidney on the same side)

  12. Body Sections • Sagittal • Transverse • Coronal

  13. Body Region Adjectives • Abdominal • Acromial • Antebrachial • Antecubital • Axiallary • Brachial • Buccal • Carpal • Celiac • Cephalic • Cervical • Costal • Coxal • crural • Cubital • Digital • Dorsum • Femoral • Frontal • Genital • Gluteal • Inguinal • Lumbar • Mammory • Mental • Nasal • Occipital • oral • Orbital • Otic • Palmar • Patellar • Pectoral • Perineal • Plantar • Popliteal • Sacral • Sternal • Sural • Tarsal • Umbilical • vertebral

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