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The Beginning Years

Learn about George Washington's presidency, the formation of political parties, conflicts between federal and state governments, the election of 1800, the Marbury vs. Madison Supreme Court case, the War of 1812, and the Monroe Doctrine.

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The Beginning Years

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  1. The Beginning Years

  2. Our First President • George Washington selected to be first president • His administration sets up the foundations for future governments – the Cabinet & Judiciary Act of 1789 • He had advisors that were in charge of specific areas like war, treasury, state, attorney general – all things we still have today.

  3. Alexander Hamilton • 1st secretary of the treasury • Proposed a four part plan to help solve our national debt (from Rev. War) • Repay the Debt (of states & fed. Govt.) • National Bank (make sound currency) • Protective Tariffs (on imports) • Whiskey Tax (to raise $$)

  4. First Political Parties • Thomas Jefferson opposed Hamilton’s plan because he felt it favored rich bankers & hurt common farmers • He formed the Democratic Republicans along with his supporters • Hamilton & his supporters formed the Federalists

  5. Strong central govt. Govt. led by upper classes Commerce & Industry keys to success National Bank to secure economy of country Strong state govt. with lots of participation from citizens (distrusted strong central govt.) Wanted a society of farmer citizens Felt bank would only help wealthy Hamilton vs. Jefferson

  6. Whiskey Rebellion • Farmers in PA were angry about the Whiskey Tax • They revolted – Washington sent federal militia to stop the rebellion • This is the first time the new national government showed strength to handle issues like this

  7. The Farewell Address • Washington gave advice to the new country before leaving office. He said: -Do not develop permanent alliances with European countries -Develop trade in the USA and assume leadership in the Western Hemisphere -Do not let political parties weaken the power of the government.

  8. The Adams Presidency • Election of 1796 - Adams (F) is president, Jefferson (DR) is VP • XYZ Affair – French tried to bribe US negotiating officials $250,000 to see Tallyrand to avoid war with France • Many wanted to go to war, but Adams avoided war – they solved it with diplomacy, but many didn’t like this option.

  9. Federal & State Conflicts • Alien & Sedition Acts - These laws authorized President to deport/imprison people who were “dangerous” or trying to hinder the function of govt. • DR’s said this violated 1st amendment • Nullification – KY and VA passed laws saying states could nullify laws passed by Congress they saw as unconstitutional • States vs. Fed govt. issue continues on…

  10. Election of 1800 • Adams vs. Jefferson vs. Burr • Fed’s said Jefferson was a French supporter; DR’s said that Adams wanted to turn the presidency into a king • Jefferson & running mate Aaron Burr had same # of electoral votes, so H of R had to vote – Hamilton actually helped Jefferson win! • (Burr & Hamilton duel – Burr wins!)

  11. Jeffersonian Republicanism • People should control govt., and it should be simple – address needs of people • Reduced the size & powers of the federal government • Also tried to reduce power of federalists. He replaced many govt. officials with DR’s to balance out power • This was an issue in the Marbury vs. Madison Supreme Court case.

  12. Louisiana Purchase • 1803 - Jefferson made a deal with Napoleon to buy the Louisiana Territory (including Mississippi River & New Orleans) • Jefferson wasn’t sure if this was Constitutional, but the Senate ratified the treaty (the elastic clause) • Lewis & Clarke – sent by Jefferson to explore western part of USA – important for future expansion

  13. War of 1812 • USA vs. England • Causes – impressment (seizing of ships), embargo, British support of Native American attacks on Americans • US declares war on England in 1812 – tries unsuccessfully to invade Canada.

  14. Continued… • Fighting was conducted mainly in US – for a short time British troops even had control of Washington DC. • The original White House was burned to the ground • The Star Spangled Banner was written during this war by Francis Scott Key. • War ends in stalemate (no winner) in 1815, same time Napoleonic Wars end.

  15. The Monroe Doctrine • In 1823, Monroe announces that the US will oppose attempts by European countries to establish new colonies or re-conquer old ones in Western Hemisphere. • Basically – “hands off” W. Hemisphere • This was made because we were afraid of Spain trying to take over their old colonies. • Didn’t apply to existing colonies – Canada & Cuba

  16. Questions to Answer… 1. What is the importance of the Marbury vs. Madison Supreme Court Case? 2. What are the roles of political parties? Who were the first two political parties in our country? • What were Alexander Hamilton’s views on government? How did they differ with Jefferson? • What were the causes and effects of the War of 1812? 5. What did Washington discuss at his farewell address in 1796? • Why was the election of 1800 called a revolution? • What did the Monroe Doctrine say? Why was it important?

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