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Swedish International Development Agency

A pplying C LEANER PRODUCTION to M ULTILATERAL E NVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS. ACME. CP and MEA policy integration. S ESSION 11. United Nations Environment Program Division of Technology Industry and Economy. Swedish International Development Agency.

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Swedish International Development Agency

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  1. ApplyingCLEANER PRODUCTION to MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS ACME CP and MEA policy integration SESSION11 United Nations Environment ProgramDivision of Technology Industry and Economy Swedish International Development Agency

  2. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 2 / 22 OUTLINE Objectives of this session 1/ Background information > What does “policy making” refers to? 2/ Cleaner Production > Links between CP and MEA policies? 3/ UNFCCC > National policies? 4/ Basel Convention > National policies? 5/ Stockholm Convention > National policies? 6/ Policy development > What are the crucial elements in the policy development cycle?

  3. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 3 / 22 BACKGROUND Defining “Policy” “Policy making” refers to: > a long-term, interactive, iterative and multi-stakeholder process, to develop a framework to implement a certain policy, and to evaluate and modify its implementation on a regular basis. > elaborating a policy document or a policy statement – such as a national policy. This is only one part of the policy development process.

  4. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 4 / 22 BACKGROUND “Policy” versus “Regulation” Policy is not equivalent to ‘regulations’ or ‘a legal framework’. Policy represents a pallet / toolbox of possible instruments for policy instrumentation varying from ‘stick’ to ‘carrot’.

  5. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 5 / 22 BACKGROUND Generic toolbox for policies

  6. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 6 / 22 BACKGROUND Range of policy instruments

  7. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 7 / 22 CLEANER PRODUCTION MEA versus CP

  8. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 8 / 22 CLEANER PRODUCTION Analysis

  9. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 9 / 22 UNFCCC Analysis

  10. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 10 / 22 UNFCCC Examples Tax system > Price on energy and/or tax on carbon or green taxation determines behavior of target group. > Inadequate pricing (or even subsidising) energy perhaps stimulates economic growth but is contra-productive to efficiency improvement. > Innovative tax systems (on physical terms instead of labour and income). Voluntary agreements > Covenant approach (Netherlands). > Long-term agreement. > Target setting, no strict compulsary prescription of measures. > Flexibility and transparency are crucial elements for industry to develop strategy.

  11. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 11 / 22 UNFCCC References / information sources Overview of national strategies, both governmental (regulatory, financial as well as communicative) as well as stakeholder initiatives http://www.unfccc.int/national_reports/items/1408.php

  12. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 12 / 22 BASEL CONVENTION Analysis

  13. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 13 / 22 BASEL CONVENTION Examples Compulsary standards / bans > Strict rules what kind of components / raw materials can be used in production. > Bans what kind of chemicals can be disposed (e.g. not allowed for landfilling, so either expensive treatment or incineration or incentive to seek way for avoiding). Eco-labelling / EPR > Extended Producer Responsibility (e.g. voluntary agreements) including: - Eco-design - Take back responsibility - Eco-labelling (clear information of consistence of product and how to dispose it)

  14. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 14 / 22 BASEL CONVENTION References / information sources Overview of national strategies, both governmental (regulatory, financial as well as communicative) as well as stakeholder initiatives http://www.basel.int/natreporting/status.html

  15. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 15 / 22 STOCKHOLM CONVENTION Analysis

  16. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 16 / 22 STOCKHOLM CONVENTION Examples National Implementation Plan > Requirement under the Convention > Good examples: Philippines, Switzerland, Canada, Armenia - Nice mix of instruments - Priority to Cleaner Production - Mix of policies and capacity building / awareness raising actions - Multi-stakeholder involvement Information clearing houses > Stockholm Convention has developed already an online system, so seek suggestions for process changes, materials substitution, etc. per sector and/or waste stream

  17. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 17 / 22 STOCKHOLM CONVENTION References / information sources Overview of national strategies, both governmental (regulatory, financial as well as communicative) as well as stakeholder initiatives http://www.pops.int/documents/implementation/nips/submissions/default.htm

  18. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 18 / 22 POLICY DEVELOPMENT Theoretic development cycle

  19. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 19 / 22 POLICY DEVELOPMENT Specific steps During the start of policy making > Stakeholder analysis (needs, motivation, interests) > Evaluation of existing system (instruments, implementation stage, acceptance, barriers / problems, effectiveness) > Building consensus and common goal > Identification priorities > Define clear and measurable objectives When defining the policies > Selection of a mix of instruments > Design strategy and action plan for implementation > Information and education campaigns > Monitoring of the implementation > Evaluation of the policy effectiveness > Periodic policy adjustment

  20. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 20 / 22 POLICY DEVELOPMENT Conclusion General observations > There is no one single ‘right’ way of policy development. > Policy development is a long-term, repetitive process. > Regular evaluation and modification are necessary. Basic conditions for good policy development > Political will. > Interest of relevant stakeholders. > General awareness. > Policy continuity and stability. > Adaptation to local conditions.

  21. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 21 / 22 CONCLUSION Warp up of the session Crucial elements of policies: > Integrative approach; > Seek for the most optimum mix of instruments; > Clarity on hierarchy; > Strive for mainstreaming; > Development via multi-stakeholder approach.

  22. ACME - Session 11 - CP and MEA policy integration - 22 / 22 CONCLUSION End of session 11 Thank you for your attention… Any questions?

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