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Terms of Literature

Terms of Literature. Amanda L. Robbins Ninth Grade Lit Autumn 2011. Who? (Characters). Protagonist: The main character of the story Antagonist: The conflict the character faces. Characters. Characterization: the means by which an author develops and portrays a character’s personality

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Terms of Literature

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  1. Terms of Literature Amanda L. Robbins Ninth Grade Lit Autumn 2011

  2. Who? (Characters) • Protagonist: The main character of the story • Antagonist: The conflict the character faces

  3. Characters • Characterization: the means by which an author develops and portrays a character’s personality • Direct Characterization: The author directly states what their characters are like • Indirect Characterization: The reader must use their judgment to decide what the character is like

  4. Point of View • The viewpoint from which the story is told • Narrator: the person/being who tells the story • First person PoV: a character tells the story in his/her own voice; uses “I, me, my” (Benjamin Button) • Third person limited PoV: a non-present narrator shows the thoughts and feelings of only one person (The Princess Bride) • Third person omniscient PoV: a non-present narrator shows the thoughts and feelings of any character in the story (Crash)

  5. What? (Plot Diagram) • Plot: the series of events that make up a story • Exposition: the characters and situation are introduced • Rising Action: the characters go through the story and the conflict is established • Climax: the highest point of action in the story; the turning point • Falling Action: the resolving of the conflict • Resolution/Denouement: the conflict/conflicts are settled and the story comes to a close

  6. Plot Diagram

  7. Where/When? • Setting: Where and when the story takes place • Flashback: present action is interrupted to show events that happened earlier • Foreshadowing: hinting at things that have yet to happen (Scream)

  8. Why? (Conflict) • A struggle between two opposing forces • Internal conflict: (man vs. self) a character struggles with things inside himself • Inner demons, conscience, drug abuse, etc. • External conflict: a character struggles with outside opposing forces • Man vs. man: two characters against one another • Man vs. nature: fighting against the forces of nature; ex: tornadoes • Man vs. society: fighting against societal issues; ex: poverty

  9. How? • Dialogue: Conversations between characters; the words they say (A Beautiful Mind) • Mood: the feeling a work of literature conveys • Tone: the attitude a writer takes towards their subject • Suspense: the uncertainty of anxiety readers feel concerning what will happen next (The Woman in Black)

  10. Allusion: a reference to a famous person, place, thing, or event • Theme: the message, central idea, or insight into life • Symbol: a thing that stands for both itself and something else, usually a feeling or emotion

  11. Irony: the contrast between expectation and reality • Situational Irony: what the readers expect to happen is contradictory to what takes place; ex: a character turns out to be bad/good (A Beautiful Mind) • Verbal Irony: a character says something but means something entirely (Mean Girls) • Dramatic Irony: the reader knows something important that the characters do not know (Shallow Hal)

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