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LITERATURE TERMS

LITERATURE TERMS. Notes on commonly used literary terms. 1. Setting :. TIME PLACE CUSTOMS, CULTURE OF SOCIETY. First Person - Third Person - Limited Third Person - Omniscient -. Character tells story; uses “I, me” Someone outside story narrates from one character’s perspective

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LITERATURE TERMS

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  1. LITERATURE TERMS Notes on commonly used literary terms

  2. 1. Setting: • TIME • PLACE • CUSTOMS, CULTURE OF SOCIETY

  3. First Person - Third Person - Limited Third Person - Omniscient - Character tells story; uses “I, me” Someone outside story narrates from one character’s perspective All-knowing narrator; knows thoughts of multiple characters 2. Point of View: perspective from which a story is told

  4. Dynamic: Character who changes significantly Static: Character who doesn’t change much or at all 3. Character: person, animal, or imaginary creature in story

  5. main character in story person with the conflict or problem THERE IS NO “GOOD” OR “BAD” GUY! 4. Protagonist :

  6. person or force opposing the main character person causing the conflict THERE IS NO “GOOD” OR “BAD” GUY! 5. Antagonist:

  7. 6. Characterization: the techniques writers use to create characters • Direct – author describes directly • Indirect – • Words of character • Description of thoughts • Other characters’ comments • Character’s behavior

  8. Internal- problem within character ONLY example: man vs. himself External- problem outside character examples: Man vs. Man Man vs. Society Man vs. Nature 7. Conflict: a struggle between opposing forces

  9. Exposition: the background information the reader needs so the story makes sense Rising Action: complications that move the plot forward Climax: the turning point, point of maximum interest, outcome becomes clear Falling Action: after climax, loose ends wrapped up Resolution: how the author closes the story 8. Plot: Sequence of related events that make up a story

  10. 9. Sample Plotline: Climax Falling Action Rising Action Resolution Exposition

  11. 10. Chronological order: • The order in which events happen in time.

  12. 11. Theme: • Meaning or message about life or human nature in a piece of writing • (There can be multiple themes in one piece of writing.)

  13. 12. Foreshadowing: • use of clues to suggest events that will occur later

  14. 13. Irony: Contrast between expectation and reality • Verbal : What is said is the opposite of what is meant • Situational: The outcome of a situation is the opposite of what is expected. • Dramatic : The reader/audience knows something the character needs to know but doesn’t

  15. 14. Symbol: • A person, place, object, or action in a story stands for something beyond itself. II symbolism!

  16. 15. Allusion: A reference to something or someone outside of the story that the writer expects you to know

  17. 16. Tone: • attitude writer has toward subject • ex. Humorous, sincere, sarcastic

  18. 17. Style: • The way a writer uses language • Includes both diction and syntax.

  19. 18. Mood(Atmosphere): • The feeling a literary work gives a reader • ex. suspenseful, happy, sad

  20. 19. Dialect: • A form of language spoken in a certain geographical area or by a certain group of people

  21. 20. Diction • Writer’s or speaker’s choice of words • Part of STYLE

  22. 21. Roundcharacter: • A character who has more than one “side” or aspect to his or her personality

  23. 22. Flatcharacter: • A character who has only one “side” or aspect to his or her personality

  24. Poetic Devices • Devices of Sound: Elements a poet or writer uses to make his or her work appealing when read aloud.

  25. 1. Alliteration: • A repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words EXAMPLE: “Once upon a midnight dreary while I pondered, weak and weary” (Edgar Allan Poe, “The Raven”

  26. 2. Onomatopoeia: • The use of words whose sounds suggest their meaning EXAMPLE: "Brrrrrrriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinng! An alarm clock clanged in the dark and silent room."(Richard Wright, Native Son, 1940)

  27. 3. Repetition: • A sound, word, phrase or line that is repeated for effect or emphasis EXAMPLE: “Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward” (Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Charge of the Light Brigade”)

  28. 4. Rhyme : A repetition of sounds • Internal rhyme: rhyme occurring within a line of poetry • End rhyme: rhyme occurring at the end of lines of poetry • Rhyme Scheme: the pattern of end rhyme in a poem; each sound is assigned a letter-- abcd

  29. 5. Figures of Speech: • A.K.A. Figurative language • Expressions that are not literally true • Examples– hyperbole, metaphor, personification, simile

  30. 6. Hyperbole: • The truth is exaggerated for emphasis or humorous effect • Example: I’ve told you a million times what hyperbole is, and if you don’t get it right, my head’s going to explode!

  31. 7. Imagery: • The use of language to appeal to the reader’s senses • Example from “Daffodils” by William Wordsworth-- A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way

  32. 8. Metaphor: • The direct comparison of two UNLIKE things that have some quality in common • Example: “All the world’s a stage” from As You Like It -- William Shakespeare

  33. 9. Personification: • The giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea; this is a specific type of metaphor • Example: “Into the jaws of Death/ Into the mouth of Hell” from “The Charge of the Light Brigade -- Alfred, Lord Tennyson

  34. 10. Simile: • The comparison of two UNLIKE things using like, as, or other words of comparison • Example: “My love is like a red, red rose” from “A Red, Red Rose” by Robert Burns

  35. MISCELLANEOUS 11. Connotation: the feeling associated with a word 12. Denotation: a word’s dictionary definition 13. Poetry: ideas and feelings expressed in compact, imaginative language 14. Prose: form of language that is NOT poetry

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