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Emotion

I. Emotions. Whole-organism responses, involving:Physiological arousal (feelings)Expressive behaviors (actions)Conscious experience (thoughts). Debates in Emotion Research. Which comes first, physiological arousal or the subjective experience of an emotion?Can we react emotionally before appraising a situation, or does thinking always precede emotion?.

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Emotion

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    1. Emotion Module 12

    2. I. Emotions Whole-organism responses, involving: Physiological arousal (feelings) Expressive behaviors (actions) Conscious experience (thoughts)

    3. Debates in Emotion Research Which comes first, physiological arousal or the subjective experience of an emotion? Can we react emotionally before appraising a situation, or does thinking always precede emotion?

    4. A. Theories of Emotion Module 12: Emotion

    5. Common Sense Theory Emotion-arousing stimulus leads to a conscious feeling (fear, anger) and a physiological response. Seeing an angry dog triggers feelings of fear and physical responses such as trembling.

    6. 1. James-Lange Theory A stimulus in the environment triggers physiological (bodily) arousal. Our awareness of the physiological response leads to our experience of emotion.

    10. 2. Cannon-Bard Theory An stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological arousal and the experience of an emotion.

    13. 3. Two-Factor Theory Emotions involve two factors: A physiological arousal A cognitive label of the arousal Also called the Schachter-Singer Theory

    14. a. Cognitive Appraisal One’s thoughts about a situation How a person interprets a situation in the environment

    18. 4. Zajonc’s Theory Suggested that deliberate thinking (cognition) is not necessary for all emotions Some emotions skip the thinking part of the brain

    19. Paths to Emotional Responses

    20. Paths to Emotional Responses

    21. Paths to Emotional Responses

    22. B. Emotion Example: Fear Module 12: Emotion

    23. 1. Autonomic Nervous System: The branch of the nervous system that arouses and calms the body a. Sympathetic: helps us deal with threats Fight or flight response b. Parasympathetic: relaxes the body

    24. Divisions of the Nervous System

    25. Autonomic Nervous System

    26. 2. Theories As Applied to Fear James-Lange: The sympathetic nervous system activates, causing us to feel fear Cannon-Bard: The sympathetic nervous system activates AND we feel fear Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory: The sympathetic nervous system activates, we THINK “That’s scary,” THEN we feel fear Zajonc: The amygdala detects a threat, causing fear (no thoughts)

    27. C. Emotional Expression Module 12: Emotion

    28. 1. Nonverbal Communication Communicating feelings without words: --Facial expressions Tone of voice Hand gestures Also called “body language”

    29. Gender Effects Women are better at reading nonverbal communication of emotions. Women tend to express emotions more than men do.

    30. 2. Display Rules The cultural rules governing how and when a person may express emotion Rules greatly vary from culture to culture.

    31. 3. Facial Expressions Paul Ekman found that 7 facial expressions appear to be universal Anger, Disgust, Fear, Interest, Joy, Surprise, Sadness Suggests that emotions are inborn rather than culturally based.

    32. Which Baby is Which? Anger, Disgust, Fear, Interest, Joy, Surprise, Sadness

    33. Which Baby is Which? Anger, Disgust, Fear, Interest, Joy, Surprise, Sadness

    34. The End

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