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Motivation in Learning and Teaching

Motivation in Learning and Teaching. Motivation. Motivation defined: Internal state Arouses, directs, maintains behavior Intrinsic/Extrinsic Locus of causality. Four General Approaches to Motivation. Behavioral Humanistic Cognitive Sociocultural. Behavioral Approach.

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Motivation in Learning and Teaching

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  1. Motivation in Learning and Teaching

  2. Motivation • Motivation defined: • Internal state • Arouses, directs, maintains behavior • Intrinsic/Extrinsic • Locus of causality

  3. Four General Approaches to Motivation • Behavioral • Humanistic • Cognitive • Sociocultural

  4. Behavioral Approach • Rewards are consequences of behaviors • Incentives encourage or discourage behaviors

  5. Humanistic Approaches • Encourage peoples’ inner resources • Self-actualization • Self-determination • Self-esteem, etc. • Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

  6. Maslow’s Hierarchy Self- Actualization Need Being (growth) Needs Motivation increases as needs are met Aesthetic Needs Need to know and Understand Esteem Needs Deficiency Needs Motivation decreases as needs are met Belongingness and Love Needs Safety Needs Physiological Needs

  7. Cognitive Perspective • Focus on thinking Plans, goals, schemas, expectations & attributions • Emphasize intrinsic motivation

  8. Weiner’s Attribution Theory • Locus Internal/external • Stability Stable/unstable • Controllability Controllable/ uncontrollable

  9. Expectancy X Value Theories • Individual’s expectation of reaching goal • Value of that goal to individual • Eccles has added cost to equation

  10. Sociocultural Conceptions of Motivation • Emphasizes participation in communities of practice • Legitimate peripheral participation • Relate to authentic tasks

  11. Why Goals Improve Performance • Direct attention to the task at hand • Mobilize effort • Increase persistence • Promote development of new strategies

  12. Four Kinds of Goals • Mastery goals • Performance goals • Work-avoidance goals • Social goals

  13. Interest and Emotions • Student interests linked with success in school • Ensure that “interesting details” are legitimately tied to learning

  14. Arousal: Excitement and Anxiety in Learning • Arousal • Curiosity • Anxiety and effects on achievement • Coping with anxiety

  15. Schemas: Beliefs about Ability • Entity view • Incremental view • Developmental differences • Effects on types of goals

  16. Beliefs about Self-Efficacy • Personal competence in particular situation • Sources of self-efficacy • Mastery experiences • Vicarious experiences • Social persuasion • Efficacy and motivation

  17. Beliefs about Self • Self-determination • Learned helplessness • Self-worth • Mastery-oriented • Failure-avoiding • Failure-accepting

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