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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 7 th Edition

Explore the fundamental concepts of computer organization and architecture, including the visible attributes to the programmer and how features are implemented. Learn about structures, functions, and the operation of components within a system.

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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 7 th Edition

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  1. William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture7th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction

  2. Architecture & Organization 1 • Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer • Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. • e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? • Organization is how features are implemented • Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. • e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?

  3. Architecture & Organization 2 • All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture • The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture • This gives code compatibility • At least backwards • Organization differs between different versions

  4. Structure & Function • Structure is the way in which components relate to each other • Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

  5. Function • All computer functions are: • Data processing • Data storage • Data movement • Control

  6. Operations (1) Data movement

  7. Operations (2) Storage

  8. Operation (3) Processing from/to storage

  9. Operation (4)Processing from storage to I/O

  10. Structure • The Computer • CPU • Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions. • Main memory • Stores data • I/O • Moves data between the computer and its external environment • System interconnection • Provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O

  11. Structure - Top Level Computer Peripherals Central Processing Unit Main Memory Computer Systems Interconnection Input Output Communication lines

  12. Structure - The CPU CPU Arithmetic and Logic Unit Computer Registers I/O System Bus CPU Internal CPU Interconnection Memory Control Unit

  13. Structure - The Control Unit Control Unit CPU Sequencing Logic ALU Control Unit Internal Bus Control Unit Registers and Decoders Registers Control Memory

  14. END CH-1

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