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Rhythmic Similarity

Rhythmic Similarity. Carmine Casciato MUMT 611 Thursday, March 13, 2005. Overview. Music Tech research into rhythmic similarity Representations Problem of segmentation. Usage. Usage. Computer accompaniment systems Ethno-musicological research Database management Queries by humming

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Rhythmic Similarity

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  1. Rhythmic Similarity Carmine Casciato MUMT 611 Thursday, March 13, 2005

  2. Overview • Music Tech research into rhythmic similarity • Representations • Problem of segmentation

  3. Usage

  4. Usage • Computer accompaniment systems • Ethno-musicological research • Database management • Queries by humming • Genre classification • Speech processing

  5. Paulus and Klapuri (2002) • Detects rhythmic similarity between musical samples containing arbitrary drum/percussive sounds • Removes sinusoidal components from sound to detect noisy percussive sounds, from this produces beat and measure estimations • Extracts loudness and brightness (mean square energy and spectral centroid, respectively) per measure • Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) finds optimal path between feature vectors • No training of system required

  6. Foote, Cooper, and Nam (2002) • Derivation of ‘beat spectrum’ • Feature used is power of FFT bins embedded into similarity matrix • Euclidean distance is used as similarity metric, tested against cosine angles between feature vectors, and FFT co-efficients

  7. Ellis and Arroyo (2004) • Principal Component Analysis, a dimension reduction tool • Requires robust segmentation • Poor classification results

  8. EigenRhythms (Ellis and Arroyo 2004) • Useful for generating variations?

  9. Toussaint (2002) • Geometric representations of rhythms • Require extensive segmentation • Tests various distance metrics • Minimum Spanning Trees offer a framework for rhythmic development analysis

  10. Toussaint Representations (2002)

  11. Music Technology References • Ellis, D., and J. Arroyo. 2004. Eigenrhythms: Drum pattern basis sets for classification and generation. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval. • Foote, J., M. Cooper, and U. Nam. 2002. Audio retrieval by rhythmic similarity. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval. • Paulus, J., and A. Klapuri. 2002. Measuring the similarity of rhythmic patterns. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval. • Toussaint, G. 2002. A mathematical analysis of African, Brazilian, and Cuban clave rhythms. In Proceedings of BRIDGES: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music, and Science.

  12. Other Disciplines • Gabrielsson, A. 1973. Similarity ratings and dimension analyses of auditory rhythm patterns. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 14: 13860. • Lerdahl F., and R. Jackendoff. 1983. A generative theory of tonal music. Cambridge: The MIT Press. • Powel, D., and P. Essens. 1985. Perception of temporal patterns. Music Perception 2(4): 41140.

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