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Saturation at hadron colliders. Cyrille Marquet SPhT, Saclay. hep-ph/0312261 t o a pp ear in PLB. in collaboration with Robi Peschanski. Contents. Introduction gluon-initiated processes and saturation Framework the color dipoles, the GBW model and its extension
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Saturation at hadron colliders Cyrille Marquet SPhT, Saclay hep-ph/0312261 to appear in PLB in collaboration with Robi Peschanski
Contents • Introductiongluon-initiated processes and saturation • Frameworkthecolor dipoles, the GBW model and its extension • Forward-jet production in terms of dipoles • Mueller-Navelet (g*-g*) cross-sectionswith saturation effects • Conclusion and outlookforward jets (*-g*)
Mueller-Navelet jets (1987): g*g* jet+X+jetQ1, Q2 » QCD exp()» 1considered to test the BFKL evolution at the Tevatronprediction: Production of heavy-flavored and vector mesons Can we reach saturation inthese processes?atthe Tevatron or LHC ? Gluon-initiated processes
Forward jets (HERA) *-* total cross-section (LEP) Other measurements g** jet+X ** X
DIS: the Golec-Biernat and Wüsthoff (GBW) model (1998) forthe dipole-proton cross-section • photon-photon with an extension of the GBW model: a model for the dipole-dipole cross-section Tîmneanu, Kwiecinski and Motyka (2002) Saturation and the GBW model
thethree scenarios we consider are 1. 2.3. • thethree models exhibit color transparency • the model 3 correspondsto the two-gluon exchange betweenthe dipoles Extension of the GBW model TKM (2002) • the saturation radius iswe use the same parameters as those of dipole-proton = 0.288, 0 = 8.1 for Q0 1 GeV(universal saturation scale)
Dipole factorization for hardcross-sections • equivalent to BFKL+kT-factorization • in the present work, we assume this factorization property to hold in the presence of saturation
collinear factorization dipole factorization Forward jetsin terms of dipoles Munier (2001), C.M. and R. P. (2003) • the onium allows a perturbative calculation and the interpretation in the dipole formalism; in the collinear limitr0Q »1, f factorizes:
large-size dipoleshave a contribution to ; this is not the casefor in a photon-initiated process cannot be seen as a probability distribution the BFKL cross-sectionscalculated withare positive The dipole distribution in a forward jet Peschanski (2000), C.M. and R. P. (2003)
Formulae for the hard total cross-sections C.M. and R. Peschanski (2003) for the different models : • the cross-sections are positivei > 0 • however2’s high-Q limit (no saturation) does not behave as 1/Q2
Saturated cross-sections • model 3 withQ1= Q2 Q • the plot shows theexpected trend: a suppression of3in the domain Q<Qs 1/R0() Q0 = 1 GeV The rapidityintervals for the different curves are: = 4, 6, 8, 10
A suitable measurement • a ratio studiedto test theBFKL evolution at the Tevatron (DØcollaboration, 1999) • shows the influence of saturation in a more quantitative way • experimentally, Rwas obtained working at fixed andusing the factorization of the structure functionsinthe totalcross-sections: • R at LHC?
A potentially interesting signal • thevalue of Rgoes downfrom the transparency limit towards the saturation regime whereR1 • one can observeasharper transition in the case of the gluon-initiated process • thevalues of Q at the transition are weak for jet cuts at the Tevatron • along with BFKL studies, the signal deserves to be studied at the LHC • alternatives to bypass the small-Q problem? Q0 = 1 GeV R 4.6/2.4 : ratiostudied atthe TevatronR 8/4 : ratio realistic forthe LHC
Other configurations • asymmetric configurations ? the transition towards saturation becomesreallysteep more interesting: the transition isshiftedtowardshigher Q Q0 = 1 GeV • alternatives to jets: heavy vector mesonsJ/ orD mesons withc quarks or B mesons with b quarks in asymmetric configurations?
Forward jets • Is R measurable at HERA? with QT=Q
Conclusion and outlook • Introduction of the dipole formalismin the description of hadron-induced hard processes, such as Mueller-Navelet jets • Studies of saturation effects in these processes using an extension ofthe Golec-Biernat and Wüsthoff model • Proposal and predictions for an observable at hadron colliders • Saturation in forward jets (to appear soon) • Studies of feasabilityforthe Tevatron and LHC:can we access the ratioR experimentally? for which values of Q? using jets or alternativelyheavy vector mesons, heavy flavors? • Improve our description of gluon-initiated processes in termsof dipoles:taking into account saturation effects in the emission vertex and kT-factorization breaking • StudyingpQCD saturation beyond GBW models