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Life Cycle Cost

Life Cycle Cost. Abbas Shirian, PE Certified GeoExchange Designer. Life Cycle Cost Analysis. “to evaluate all cost factors including first cost, operation, maintenance, replacement, and estimated energy use over a period of years for alternatives that equally satisfy functional requirements”.

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Life Cycle Cost

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  1. Life Cycle Cost Abbas Shirian, PE Certified GeoExchange Designer

  2. Life Cycle Cost Analysis “to evaluate all cost factors including first cost, operation, maintenance, replacement, and estimated energy use over a period of years for alternatives that equally satisfy functional requirements”.

  3. Initial Cost & Design Variables • Equipment – Standard Efficiency or High Efficiency • Drilling cost - Borehole Depth, Pipe Size & Site Conditions • Piping Accessories • Outside Air & Ventilation System • Distribution & Pumping System • System Design • Controls System • Value of Floor Square Footage For Mechanical Rooms • Additional Cost for Structural Reinforcement • Additional Cost for Roof Access and Repairs • Additional Cost for Sound Proofing

  4. Service Life & Replacement • Life Expectancy of HVAC Equipment • Life of Ground Loop Heat Exchanger • Life of Water Distribution/Equipment • Life of Air Distribution System • Life of Control System

  5. Energy Costs • Utility Structure of Electric Rates • Natural Gas and Fuel Cost • Inflation Rate • Equipment Efficiencies • Pumping Efficiency

  6. GSHP & Gas/Elec HVAC Heating Energy Cost

  7. Ground Source Heat Pump • Electricity at $0.08/kWh & cop at 3.7 • $0.08/kW x kW/3412 Btu x 100,000 Btu/therm x 1/cop = • $0.63/therm or $6.30/MMBtu • Gas/Electric HVAC System • Natural gas at $0.90/therm & 80% efficiency • $0.90/therm x 1/efficiency = • $1.13/therm or $11.30/MMBtu

  8. Operating, Maintenance and Replacement Costs • ASHRAE • Mean’s Handbook • Equipment Manufacturers • Contractors • Owner’s O&M

  9. Salvage Value • Zero out at end of life for all alternatives • Ground Heat Exchanger Salvage Value

  10. Cost of Money • Depreciation Method • Energy Cost Inflation Rate • Interest Rate • Percent Financed • Income Tax Rate • Study Life • Depreciation Life

  11. Typical Financial Cost • Life of Analysis 25 yrs • Cost of Borrowing Money 5-10% • Inflation 3-5% • Electric Energy Escalation 2-3% • Natural Gas Energy Escalation 3-5% • Tax Rate 0-33% • Cost of Insurance 2%

  12. HVAC First Cost ($/sq.ft.)Based on 77,000 sq.ft. school & 220 ton cooling • Geothermal Heat Pump ($2000/borehole)$25.22 • Geothermal Heat Pump ($3000/borehole)$28.08 • Water Source Heat Pump$22.81 • VAV, AHU & TU/HW (Water Cooled Chiller)$30.04 • VAV, AHU & TU/HW (Air Cooled Chiller)$27.85 • Packaged Rooftop DX/Gas$20.39 • Indoor Air Washer &HW Heating $28.85 • Fan Coil (4- Pipe) (Water Cooled Chiller) $28.68 • Fan Coil (4- Pipe) (Air Cooled Chiller) $26.49

  13. Real Estate/Structural Savings • No mechanical rooms to house boilers or chillers with geothermal and air-cooled unitary • No fan rooms or penthouses with geothermal heat pump (horizontal) and 4-pipe fan coil unit systems

  14. Annual Maintenance Cost ($/Ton) • Geothermal Heat Pump $67.24 • Water Source Heat Pump $70.45 • VAV, AHU & TU/HW (Water Cooled Chiller) $43.23 • VAV, AHU & TU/HW (Air Cooled Chiller) $40.85 • Packaged Rooftop DX/Gas $59.24 • Indoor Air Washer & HW Heating $70.45 • Fan Coil (4- Pipe) (Water Cooled Chiller) $56.04 • Fan Coil (4- Pipe) (Air Cooled Chiller) $53.23

  15. Life Cycle Cost • Geothermal Heat Pump • Water Source Heat Pump • VAV, AHU & TU/HW (Water Cooled Chiller) • VAV, AHU & TU/HW (Air Cooled Chiller) • Packaged Rooftop DX/Gas • Indoor Air Washer & HW Heating • Fan Coil (4- Pipe) (Water Cooled Chiller) • Fan Coil (4- Pipe) (Air Cooled Chiller)

  16. QUESTIONS & DISCUSSIONS

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