Bacteria, Viruses and Biotechnology

1. Bacteria, Viruses and Biotechnology BY: Selena & Nicole

2. Foundations of biotechnology • Biotechnology can be defined as the manipulation of living organisms or their components to provide products or to serve useful purpose. As result the DNA of plants, animals and other organisms can be manipulated in the laboratory . • Examples: • Yeast to make bread • Bacteria for some cheese

3. Genetic engineering • Biologist can now alter the DNA of an organism .the technique they use is called genetic engineering. bacteria are considered to be the workhorses of biotechnology without them it would be impossible to preform such nessaccery steps • 1- cut out a section of DNA from the 1st organism • 2-combine this DNA with the DNA from another organism • 3-insert and combine the DNA into another organism

4. Bacteria and recombined dna • recombined DNA starts by cutting out sections of DNA from the cell of an organism using restriction enymes.once an enzyme recongizes its sequence it cuts the DNA at that point. Bacteria contains plasmids that are useful because they provide a site for genetic recombination.plasmids are then removed and cut with the same restriction enzymes .the sticky ends at the end of the cells are now complementary which makes the Dna fit into the plasmid.the plasmid is now considered recombined DNA because it is from two organisms.

5. Application of genetic cloning