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Computer Network

Computer Network. Hery Hamdi Azwir. Computer Network. Purposes Increase efficiency (Resource sharing) Information sharing or distribution of information Categories LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network) Computer Communications type Peer-to-peer

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Computer Network

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  1. Computer Network HeryHamdi Azwir

  2. Computer Network • Purposes • Increase efficiency (Resource sharing) • Information sharing or distribution of information • Categories • LAN (Local Area Network) • WAN (Wide Area Network) • Computer Communications type • Peer-to-peer • Client-Server (Ex: Web, Database, File, Mail)

  3. LAN Topologies

  4. Some Network Devices • Guided Media • Network Interface Card (NIC) or LAN Card • Ethernet card • Hub • Switch (Smarter than Hub) • Router • Unguided Media • Wireless Adapter • Wireless Access Point (Radio) • Antenna • Wireless Router

  5. Twisted Pair Wiring Standard Straight Cable

  6. Twisted Pair Wiring Standard Cross Cable (PC-to-PC)

  7. Wiring Tool Set Crimping Tool RJ-45 connector UTP cable tester Multimeter

  8. Network Setup • TCP/IP (Internet Concept) • IP address • Subnet Mask • Default Gateway • DNS (Domain name server) • Alternate DNS • DHCP (Automatic) • Microsoft Network • Computer name • Workgroup name • Domain name

  9. Set up IdentitasKomputer IP address : Alamat IP yang menunjukkanidentitasdarikomputer agar dapatdikenalolehjaringan Default Gateway : Alamat IP dari Router yang terkoneksidimanapermintaanakses internet akanditeruskan DNS Server (Domain Name System) Alamat IP dari server yang berfungsimelayanipermintaanpenterjemahannama domain menjadialamat IP

  10. Static IP dan Dynamic IP Duametodepemberianalamat IP • Static IP • Disetsecara manual. • Semuajeniskomputerbisa • Untukperangkat mobile umumnyatidakbisa • Dynamic IP • Diset “obtain IP address automatically” • Pemberian IP address dlldilakukanoleh yang disebut DHCP server yang umumnyajugaadadalam router • Perangkat mobile (HP, Smartphone, X-pad, dll) umumnyamenggunakanmetodeini

  11. Some Network Utilities ipconfig ping traceroute / tracert (Microsoft) netstat Note : protocol used is icmp

  12. TCP/IP Protocol Architecture • developed by US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) • for ARPANET packet switched network • used by the global Internet • protocol suite comprises a large collection of standardized protocols

  13. Simplified Network Architecture

  14. TCP/IP Layers • no official model but a working one • Application layer • Host-to-host, or transport layer • Internet layer • Network access layer • Physical layer

  15. Physical Layer • concerned with physical interface between computer and network • concerned with issues like: • characteristics of transmission medium • signal levels • data rates • other related matters

  16. Network Access Layer • exchange of data between an end system and attached network • concerned with issues like : • destination address provision • invoking specific services like priority • access to & routing data across a network link between two attached systems • allows layers above to ignore link specifics

  17. Internet Layer (IP) • routing functions across multiple networks • for systems attached to different networks • using IP protocol • implemented in end systems and routers • routers connect two networks and relays data between them

  18. Transport Layer (TCP) • common layer shared by all applications • provides reliable delivery of data • in same order as sent • commonly uses TCP

  19. Application Layer • provide support for user applications • need a separate module for each type of application

  20. Operation of TCP and IP

  21. Addressing Requirements • two levels of addressing required • each host on a subnet needs a unique global network address • its IP address • each application on a (multi-tasking) host needs a unique address within the host • known as a port

  22. Overview of Wireless LANs • use wireless transmission medium • issues of high prices, low data rates, occupational safety concerns, & licensing requirements now addressed • key application areas: • LAN extension • cross-building interconnect • nomadic access • ad hoc networking

  23. Single Cell LAN Extension

  24. Multi Cell LAN Extension

  25. Cross-Building Interconnect • connect LANs in nearby buildings • point-to-point wireless link • Not a LAN per se • connect bridges or routers

  26. Nomadic Access • link LAN hub & mobile data terminal • laptop or notepad computer • enable employee to transfer data from portable computer to server • also useful in extended environment such as campus or cluster of buildings • users move around with portable computers • may wish access to servers on wired LAN

  27. Infrastructure Wireless LAN

  28. Ad Hoc Networking • temporary peer-to-peer network

  29. Wireless LAN Requirements • throughput - efficient use wireless medium • no of nodes - hundreds of nodes across multiple cells • connection to backbone LAN - using control modules • service area - 100 to 300 m • low power consumption - for long battery life on mobiles • transmission robustness and security • collocated network operation • license-free operation • handoff/roaming • dynamic configuration - addition, deletion, and relocation of end systems without disruption to users

  30. Technology • infrared (IR) LANs • individual cell of IR LAN limited to single room • IR light does not penetrate opaque walls • spread spectrum LANs • mostly operate in ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) bands • no Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licensing is required in USA • narrowband microwave • microwave frequencies but not use spread spectrum • some require FCC licensing

  31. Infrared LANsTransmission Techniques • directed-beam IR • point-to-point links • range depends on power and focusing • for indoor use can set up token ring LAN • IR transceivers positioned so data circulates in ring • omnidirectional • single base station with line of sight to other stations • acts as a multiport repeater • other stations use directional beam to it • diffused configuration • stations focused / aimed at diffusely reflecting ceiling

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