1 / 38

2002 Minerals Education Workshop Sponsored by: Indiana Department of Natural Resources – Division of Reclamation Novembe

2002 Minerals Education Workshop Sponsored by: Indiana Department of Natural Resources – Division of Reclamation November 1-2, 2002. Minerals. www.themineralgallery.com. www.themineralgallery.com. Minerals.

jase
Download Presentation

2002 Minerals Education Workshop Sponsored by: Indiana Department of Natural Resources – Division of Reclamation Novembe

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 2002 Minerals Education WorkshopSponsored by:Indiana Department of Natural Resources – Division of ReclamationNovember 1-2, 2002

  2. Minerals www.themineralgallery.com www.themineralgallery.com

  3. Minerals • A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a specific internal structure, a definite chemical composition and specific physical properties. www.themineralgallery.com

  4. www.intheloop.com Minerals • A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a specific internal structure, a definite chemical composition and specific physical properties. Must occur naturally in nature Not man-made

  5. Minerals • A mineral is a naturally occurring,inorganic solid that has a specific internal structure, a definite chemical composition and specific physical properties. Does not have a “living” or biological origin What about coal?

  6. www.geology.ohio-state.edu Coal Pennsylvanian-age swamp

  7. Definite arrangement of atoms Web.jjay.cuny.edu into a specific crystalline structure (Gold) Minerals • A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a specific internal structure, a definite chemical composition and specific physical properties.

  8. collection of unit cells crystal mineral unit cell atoms molecule Indiana Geological Survey/After Mineralogy, 1998, Dexter Perkins

  9. Diamond Graphite Hard, bright, gem Soft, gray, lubricant The arrangement of atoms is important. The element carbon (C) can form diamond -- a hard, clear mineral -- or graphite -- a soft, gray mineral -- depending on the crystal structure. Indiana Geological Survey

  10. (www.discovery.com)

  11. (www.discovery.com)

  12. Quartz Turquoise R.Weller/Cochise College Minerals • A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a specific internal structure, a definite chemical composition and specific physical properties. Can be expressed with a specific chemical formula SiO2 CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8*5H2O

  13. Minerals • A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a specific internal structure, a definite chemical composition and specific physical properties. Minerals of the same type always have the same hardness, specific gravity, cleavage, streak, etc.

  14. Metallic – looks like a metal • Nonmetallic • Vitreous (glassy) • Resinous • Greasy • Earthy/chalky • Pearly Physical Characteristics of Minerals • Smell: scratch & sniff • Luster: reflection of light off a clean surface R.Weller/Cochise College R.Weller/Cochise College

  15. Physical Characteristics of Minerals(continued) • Magnetism: is the mineral magnetic? • Color: use with caution! • Streak: color of the powdered mineral on an • unglazed, porcelain plate R.Weller/Cochise College • Metallic minerals generally have colored • (dark) streaks • Nonmetallic minerals generally have white/ • colorless or very pale-colored streaks

  16. R.Weller/Cochise College Talc Diamond www.egem.com Physical Characteristics of Minerals(continued) • Hardness: How resistant is the mineral to scratching? • Mohs Hardness Scale • Talc • Gypsum • Calcite • Fluorite • Apatite • Orthoclase • Quartz • Topaz • Corundum (ruby, sapphire) • Diamond

  17. 2.5 3.0 5.0 5.5 Physical Characteristics of Minerals(continued) • Common hardness test: • Fingernail • Copper penny / plate • Steel nail • Glass plate

  18. Physical Characteristics of Minerals(continued) • Cleavage: tendency of some minerals to break along planes of weakness Cleavage in (1) direction Cleavage in (2) directions at right angles Cleavage in (2) directions not at right angles Cleavage in (3) directions at right angles Cleavage in (3) directions not at right angles Cleavage in (4) directions Cleavage in (6) directions

  19. Physical Characteristics of Minerals(continued) Not all minerals have cleavage! **Caution – although the description may state the mineral has cleavage, the mineral in your set may not show it!

  20. Physical Characteristics of Minerals(continued) • Effervescent (fizz rate): reaction of the mineral to a weak acid To determine if calcite (CaCO3) is present Fizz

  21. Physical Characteristics of Minerals(continued) • Specific gravity: ratio of the weight of a mineral fragment & the weight of an equal amount of water Mineral Water

  22. The calcite crystal pictured here is from Indiana. The journal Rocks and Minerals featured Indiana minerals in one 1986 issue. Indiana Geological Survey

  23. Calcite Fluorite Calcite CaCO3 Minerals of Indiana Indiana Geological Survey

  24. Indiana Geological Survey

  25. R.Weller/Cochise College Indiana Geological Survey Indiana Geological Survey Indiana Geological Survey Quartz SiO2 Minerals of Indiana Indiana Geological Survey

  26. Limonite FeO (OH) H2O Fluorite CaF2 Minerals of Indiana R.Weller/Cochise College R.Weller/Cochise College

  27. Gypsum CaSO4*2H2O Sphalerite ZnS Minerals of Indiana R.Weller/Cochise College

  28. Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 Minerals of Indiana Siderite FeCO3 Indiana Geological Survey

  29. Barite BaSO4 Pyrite FeS2 Minerals of Indiana Indiana Geological Survey

  30. Small crystals of resistant, so-called “heavy minerals,” including gold (Au), can be concentrated from stream sediments. These minerals were brought to Indiana by glaciers. Indiana Geological Survey

  31. INDUSTRIALMINERALS AROUND THE HOUSE ITEM MINERALS NEEDED TO PRODUCE THEM Hair Cream Counter tops Household Cleaners Caulking Jewelry Kitty Litter Fiberglass Roofing Potting Soil Paint Calcium carbonate Titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydrate Silica, pumice, diatomite, feldspar, limestone Calcium carbonate, gypsum Precious and semiprecious stones Attapulgite, montmorillonite, zeolites, diatomite, pumice, volcanic ash Silica, borates, limestone, soda ash, feldspar Vermiculite, perlite, gypsum, zeolites, peat Titanium dioxide, kaolin clays, calcium carbonate, mica, talc, silica Indiana Geological Survey

  32. INDUSTRIALMINERALS AROUND THE HOUSE ITEM MINERALS NEEDED TO PRODUCE THEM Carpet Glass/Ceramics Vinyl Flooring Glossy Paper Cake/Bread Plant Fertilizers Toothpaste Lipstick Baby Powder Calcium carbonate Silica sand, limestone, talc, lithium, borates, soda ash, feldspar Calcium carbonate, clay, wollastonite Kaolin clay, limestone, sodium sulfate, lime, soda ash, titanium dioxide Gypsum, phosphates Potash, phosphates, nitrogen, sulfur Calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, fluorine Calcium carbonate, talc Talc Indiana Geological Survey

  33. Indiana Geological Survey/After “Out of the Rock” by the National Energy Foundation

  34. Indiana Geological Survey

  35. Wow !!!

  36. Mineral Exercise

  37. Suggested Websites • www.rocksandminerals.com • http://nesen.unl.edu • www.cuug.ab.ca:8001/~johnstos/geosci.html • www.bced.gov.bc.ca/irp/sciencek7/apf.htm • www.enchantedLearning.com • http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/lesson. html • http://fga.freac.fsu.edu/misc/rock.htm • http://geollab.jmu.edu/Fichter/metaRx/

  38. Evaluations

More Related