CHAPTER 11 APUS HISTORY

1. CHAPTER 11 APUS HISTORY

2. REVOLUTION OF 1800 ELECTION OF 1800 Jefferson Adams Jefferson defeats Adams in the Electoral College 73-65 Marks the death of the Federalist Party Jefferson ties with Aaron Burr (his VP candidate) for electoral votes Caused confusion as to who would be president--decided by House of Representatives Jefferson eventual winner 12th amendment 12th amendment passed to make sure confusion like this would not occur Federalist Democratic Republican

3. THOMAS JEFFERSON Sally Hemings Jefferson known as the “Red Fox” Jefferson very inconsistent…said all men are created equal, but yet he owned slaves Jefferson wealthy, yet gets his support from unwealthy and uneducated Atheism Jefferson’s Beliefs? Belief there is no God Best government was the one that governed the least Best occupation you could have was that of a noble farmer Most, not all, people should be able to vote, as long as they’re educated Deism Belief that God created the earth, but set natural laws in motion and no longer interferes with the affairs of man (the great clockmaker) Terrific writer who wrote over 25,000 letters Inventor, politician, and well-rounded individual

4. “If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, it expects what never was and never will be” “If I had to choose a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, I’d pick the later” “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists” “Honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none” Quotes of Thomas Jefferson

5. Although opposed to much of Federalist policies, Jefferson as president much more moderate Did not change much of Hamilton’s financial plan He did reverse Federalist policy regarding excise tax and chose to reduce the national debt Albert Gallatin Jefferson’s Secretary of the Treasury Believed debt more of a curse than a blessing (opposite of Hamilton)

6. Judiciary Act of 1801 Created 16 new federal judgeships Midnight Judges were assigned by John Adams in his last days in office This caused the Democratic-Republicans to dislike these judges Jefferson opposed these judges John Marshall Marbury v. Madison Court case in 1803 Established principle of judicial review Judicial Review--the Supreme Court alone has the power to review a law passed by Congress and declare it constitutional or unconstitutional Picked by Adams as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Chief Justice for 34 years Made the Judicial Branch very powerful Samuel Chase Judge that was impeached

7. Jefferson’s Foreign Policy Barbary States were a group of 4 North African countries They caused problems for the American navy Forced Jefferson to increase the military Jefferson sent a small US Navy fleet to Tripoli led by Stephen Decatur Jefferson’s small navy after the Tripolitan War “From the Halls of Montezuma, To the shores of Tripoli”

8. Toussaint L’Overture Haiti Napoleon Toussaint L’Overture was ex-slave from Haiti Led rebellion against the French in Haiti This rebellion made it easier for Napoleon to sell us the Louisiana Purchase

9. Louisiana Purchase Jefferson sent delegation to try and buy New Orleans from French for $10 million Jefferson was pleased but worried it was unconstitutional Corp of Discovery Jefferson sent out Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore area Sacajawea Indian woman who helped Lewis and Clark Napoleon decided to sell all Louisiana territory for $15 million (about 3 cents per acre)

11. ESSEX JUNTO The Essex Junto involved a plot for New England's succession from the Union New England felt threatened by western expansion Secessionists had courted Alexander Hamilton, then courted Aaron Burr Hamilton-Burr Duel Hamilton had defeated Burr in race for Governor of NY Hamilton exposed Burr’s plot Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel and killed him Burr Conspiracy Attempt by Aaron Burr to separate western part of US into a new nation Arrested for treason--later let go when 2 witnesses not found

12. YAZOO LAND CONTROVERSY Dealt with land in dispute in Georgia Jefferson’s opponents tried to accuse him of corruption Created strife in the Democratic-Republican Party and weakened Jefferson in his second term

13. AMERICAN NEUTRALITY? England and France at war with each other Young America still caught in the middle Orders in Council Closed European ports under French control to foreign shipping--including American Vessels must stop at British ports first France orders seizure of all ships entering British ports--including American Impressments Jefferson’s response--embargo all goods to both France and England British ships were “impressing” American sailors by making them join British navy Worst incident involved the USS Chesapeake

14. EMBARGO ACT Jefferson responded to British and French violations by issuing the Embargo Act Embargo Act forbid any trade from America to any foreign nation Embargo Act hurt manufacturers in New England badly Non-Intercourse Act Opened trade with all nations of the world except Britain and France