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Water and Aquatic Systems

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Water and Aquatic Systems

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    1. Water and Aquatic Systems Chapters 11 and 7

    2. The Water Cycle

    3. Renewable Resource Water is a renewable resource because it is cycled between the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere.

    4. The Oceans Important because almost all Earth’s water is in the oceans. Global water distribution.

    5. Surface Water Fresh water on Earth’s surface. Lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands. Streams form rivers, rivers form river systems.

    6. Watersheds Area of land drained by a river.

    7. Ground Water Fresh water available for human consumption. Water stored beneath the Earth’s surface in sediment and rock formations.

    8. Aquifers Underground formation containing ground water. Ogallala=10-40 more water out than can be replaced.

    9. Recharge Zone The area of the Earth where water percolates down to refill an aquifer.

    10. 11.2- Water Use and Management

    11. Water Shortages Shortage of clean, fresh water is one of the world’s most pressing environmental problems. More than 1 billion people lack access to a clean, reliable source.

    12. Major Uses of Water Residential~ 10% in North America. Agricultural~ 48% Industrial~39%

    13. Water Treatment Potable (safe to drink)- water treatment removes mercury, arsenic, and lead as well as pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic worms.

    14. Industrial Use Highest % of industrial water usage occurs in N. America and Europe. 19% world wide

    15. AG Water Use 67% of world water use Plants need a lot of water Large percent of water is evaporated before gets to roots

    16. Water Management Projects can have various goals. Make dry area habitable. Creating a reservoir for recreation or drinking. Generating electric power.

    17. Conservation Conservation will ensure that there is enough water for all! AG- drip irrigation Indust. – reuse cooling & waste water Home- short showers, don’t run water, water lawn sparingly, only full loads of clothes & dishes

    19. Water Pollution The introduction chemical, physical, or biological agents into water that degrade water quality and adversely affect the organisms that depend on it.

    20. Point-Source Pollution Pollution discharged from a single source. ie: Factory, Leaking oil tanker, or unlined landfills

    21. Non-point Source Comes from many different sources which are often difficult to identify. A river polluted from many land runoffs.

    22. Principle Water Pollutants Pathogens Organic matter Organic chemicals Inorganic chemicals Heavy metals Physical agents

    23. Waste Water Water that contains waste from home or industry. Water that goes down your drain.

    24. Sewage Sludge The solid waste left after water has been treated. Expensive to dispose of. Must be disposed of properly.

    25. Eutrophication Natural or artificial- excess nutrients in a body of water. Causes excess plants, depletion of O2, algal blooms, etc.

    26. Eutrophication

    27. Thermal Pollution Temperature of a body of water increases. When power plants use water in their cooling system and then discharge it in to lakes and rivers.

    28. Ground and Ocean Ground- pollutants percolate down Long recharge time Ocean- Most pollutants from land oil from city runoffs

    29. Biomagnification The amount of pollution stored at each level in a food chain increases at each successive level.

    31. Aquatic Ecosystems Lesson 7.1

    32. Fresh Water Lakes Rivers Ponds Streams Wetland- land that is periodically under water.

    33. Marine Ecosystems Marshes (fresh or salt) Swamps (fresh or salt) Coral reefs (salt) Oceans (salt)

    34. Water Organisms Factors that determine which organisms live in which areas of the water: Temperature, sunlight, oxygen, and nutrients.

    35. Aquatic Ecosystems Three groups of organisms depending on their location and adaptations. Plankton, nekton, and benthos.

    36. Plankton Organisms that float near the surface of the water. Phytoplankton- microscopic plant…provide most of the food for an aquatic system. Zooplankton- microscopic animals

    37. Nekton Free swimming organisms. Fish, turtles, and whales

    38. Benthos Bottom dwelling organisms. Mussels, worms, barnacles.

    39. Lake Zones Littoral zone- upper part of lake where photosynthesis can occur.Aquatic life is diverse and abundant. Benthic Zone- lower part. Inhabited by decomposers, insect larvae, and clams.

    40. Freshwater Wetlands Marsh-contain non woody plants such a cattails. Swamps- dominated by woody plants such as trees and shrubs.

    41. Human Impact Humans once thought of wetlands as wastelands. Filled in, drained, and cleared for farms or residential/commercial use.

    42. 7.2- Marine Ecosystems

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