Eutrophication of Aquatic Systems

1. Eutrophication of Aquatic Systems Amy Leask

2. Overview • Define Eutrophication • Examples of Eutrophication • Identification and Measurement • Control and Management Methods • Implications and Consequences

3. What is Eutrophication? • It is an ecological process • Increased nutrient supply in a water system • Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Carbon Dioxide • Increased primary productivity (algal bloom) • Increased sediments • It can occur in any water system.

4. Which of these would you consider to be EUTROPHIC?? 1 2 3 4 5 6

5. What is Eutrophication?...Continued • Eutrophication is a continuum • OligotrophicMesotrophicEutrophic • Natural ecologic process that normally occurs on a geologic timescale. • Anthropogenic effects accelerate the maturation and extinction of lakes.

6. Anthropogenic Causes of Eutrophication

7. Identification • Qualitative techniques • Mat of algae covering water surface • Smell • Shift in community structure OscillatoriarubescensMicrocystisaeruginosa Anabaena sp.

8. Identification • Quantitative techniques • Rate of photosynthesis • Oxygen probe • Respiration • Phosphorous and Nitrogen concentrations • Chlorophyll a concentration (chromatography and spectrophotometry) • Photopigment numbers is directly proportional to algal cell density What are the necessary steps common to all of these techniques?

9. Control and Management • Algicides and light exclusion • Create a limiting resource for algal cells! • Reducing N and P input • Diverting water runoff • Dillution of runoff with nutrient poor water.

10. “Altering food webs by altering consumer populations may be a promising management tool.” What is wrong with this picture? PO4, NH4

11. Implications and Consequences • Decreased bio diversity as illustrated by food web • Effects recreation and water quality • Hypoxia- decreased oxygen levels creates dead zones • Premature lake extinction • Increased pathogenic infection in amphibians

12. Lake Maturation and Extinction

13. Disease in Frogs

14. Conclusions • Eutrophic water is associated with high biological diversity and primary productivity. • Advanced Eutrophication is detrimental ecologically and economically • Lake extinction • Hypoxia/dead zones • Pathogen transmission • Water treatment facilities • Fishing industry • Prevention and management is possible because the mechanism is well understood.

15. Works Cited • Carpenter, Stephen R., James F. Kitchell, James R. Hodgson. 1985. BioScience 35: 634-639. • Elser, James J., Chris Luecke, Michael T. Brett, Charles Goldman. 1995. Effects of food web compensation after manipulation of rainbow trout in an oligotrophic lake. Ecology. 76: 52-69 • Gunnarsson, Jonas, Dag Broman, Per Jonsson, Mats Olsson, Rutger Rosenberg. 1995. Ambio. 24: 383-385. • Johnson, T.J. Pieter, Jonathan M. Chase, Katherine L. Dosch, Richard B. Hartson, Jackson A. Gross, Don J. Larson, Daniel R. Sutherland, Stephen R. Carpenter. 2007. Eutrophication promotes pathogenic infection in amphibians. National academy of sciences. 104: 15781-15786. • Kay, Ashley N. 2004. An alginate-based fertilizer to reduce eutrophication of aquatic environments. Kansas academy of science. 107: 155-164. • Kelly, Mahlon G., George M. Hornberger, B.J. Cosby. 1974. Continuous automated measurement of rates of photosynthesis and respiration in an undisturbed river community. Limnology and oceanography. 19: 305-312. • Kitsiou, D., M. Karydis. 1998. Development of categorical mapping for quantitative assessment of eutrophication. Journal of coastal conservation. 4: 35-42. • Kuentzel, L.E. 1969. Carbon dioxide and algal blooms. Water pollution control federation. 41: 1737-1747. • Lund, J.G.W. 1972. Eutrophication. Royal society of London: Biological sciences. 180: 371-382. • Mallin, Michael A. Lawrence B. Cahoon. 2003. Industrialized animal prodiction: a major source of nutrient and microbial pollution to aquatic ecosystems. Population and environment. 24: 369-385. • Oglesby, R.T., W.T. Edmondson. 1966. Control of eutrophication. Water pollution control federation. 38: 1452-1456. • Paerl, Hans W., Lexia M. Valdes, James L. Pinckney, Michael F. Piehler, Julianne Dybel, Pia H. Moissander. 2003. Phyto planktonphotopigmentsas indicators of estuarine and coastal eutrophication. Bioscience. 53: 953-964. • Sawyer, Clair N. 1966. Basic concepts of eutrophication. Water pollution federation. 38: 737-744. • Worm , Boris, Heike K. Lotze. 2006. Effects of eutrophication, grazing, and algal blooms on rocky shores. Limnology and oceanography. 51: 569-579. • Photo credits • http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Hy-La/Lake-Management-Issues.html • http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTSNIuQSZwcyYKUqZOQPvN8fmZsoWoOI4di3pjZzJyWlMMlnZk8 • http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQCxrle8WMJlX1_QktqW9j2vCAOLw1nhGg8DS15byCNwyOY44WuAw • http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSuvVsGlwkn_XHY51bMSAnYN523fQtAYqGGySZTam6r7hWz7LQ_UVYWX63K • http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSuvVsGlwkn_XHY51bMSAnYN523fQtAYqGGySZTam6r7hWz7LQ_UVYWX63K • http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSv6gLk0XznuG_ppUeFQoJ_DnRssxgpCBlXI8W_MtjDe-TXnC8-7w • http://www.environmedia.com/tag/environment • http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01590/pollution/culturaleutroph.jpg • http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTiar1lFdts9i_bebd9q5tGmflzx1g_U-aEeNvyp9DB0-tk4Z4tOw • http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTkcKvtbzSpxvKSsQROqH6tbUmaW6hp6IreLidsfY_XZQ9E0nWAYw • http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/pacific-chorus-frog-pseudacris-regilla-that-has-13317013

16. Questions?