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“No event in American History is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War.” -Richard Nixon

“No event in American History is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War.” -Richard Nixon. Daily Comment & Card. 1950s- 1980s. DOMINO THEORY. -Guiding principle of US foreign policy during the Cold War era -Stated publicly by President Eisenhower in 1954

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“No event in American History is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War.” -Richard Nixon

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  1. “No event in American History is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War.” -Richard Nixon Daily Comment & Card 1950s- 1980s DOMINO THEORY -Guiding principle of US foreign policy during the Cold War era -Stated publicly by President Eisenhower in 1954 -Belief that if one area was overtaken by communism, nearby nations would follow -Used as a motivation for the U.S. intervention in foreign conflicts throughout the world SONG FOR THE DAY: FEEL LIKE I’M FIXIN’ TO DIE RAG

  2. “No event in American History is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War.” -Richard Nixon Daily Comment & Card 1964 GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION -The North Vietnamese supposedly fired on American ships in the Gulf of Tonkin -Congress passed a resolution allowing President Johnson to use military action in Vietnam -Johnson retaliated against the Viet Cong with bombing attacks in the North followed by ground troops. SONG FOR THE DAY: BALLAD OF THE GREEN BERET

  3. “No event in American History is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War.” -Richard Nixon Daily Comment & Card 1950s- 1980s 1964 GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION DOMINO THEORY -The North Vietnamese supposedly fired on American ships in the Gulf of Tonkin -Congress passed a resolution allowing President Johnson to use military action in Vietnam -Johnson retaliated against the Viet Cong with bombing attacks in the North followed by ground troops. -Guiding principle of US foreign policy during the Cold War era -Stated publicly by President Eisenhower in 1954 -Belief that if one area was overtaken by communism, nearby nations would follow -Used as a motivation for the U.S. intervention in foreign conflicts throughout the world SONG FOR THE DAY: FEEL LIKE I’M FIXIN’ TO DIE RAG

  4. “No event in American History is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War.” -Richard Nixon Daily Comment & Card Beginning 1954 VIETNAM WAR: CAUSES -Vietnam was divided into the Communist North, led by Ho Chi Minh, and the South, supported by the United States -The Viet Cong (Communist guerillas) attempted to overthrow Saigon, South Vietnam’s capital -South Vietnam asked President Kennedy for aid to fight the Communists SONG FOR THE DAY: BALLAD OF THE GREEN BERET

  5. - STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: -Define Domino Theory, TET 68 -Identify those on each side of the Vietnam War -Describe how we got involved in Vietnam -Analyze the responses of Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon -Evaluate the effects of the war on the American public -Summarize how Vietnam was different from other wars -Locate Vietnam and it’s major cities

  6. I. VIETNAM (THE NOTES) A. HISTORY B. KENNEDY & JOHNSON C. ANTI-WAR PROTEST D. NIXON E. A DIFFERENT (UNIQUE) WAR

  7. WHEN THE KOREAN WAR ENDED, THE U.S. WAS ALREADY IN VIETNAM. WE BECAME INVOLVED BECAUSE THE FRENCH WANTED TO REGAIN CONTROL OF THEIR COLONY AFTER WORLD WAR II. WE HELPED BECAUSE WE WANTED THEM TO JOIN NATO.

  8. A. HISTORY OF VIETNAM NATIONALISTS HAD STARTED A GUERILLA WAR TO KEEP THE FRENCH FROM REGAINING CONTROL OF THEIR COLONY AFTER WW2. THEY WERE LED BY HO CHI MINH, A COMMUNIST WHO UNITED THE NATIONALISTS INTO AN ARMY KNOWN AS THE VIET MINH.

  9. THE FRENCH LEFT AFTER A DEFEAT IN THE BATTLE OF DIENBIEN PHU (MAY 1954). WE STAYED BECAUSE OF THE DOMINO THEORY. IF ONE NATION FALLS TO COMMUNISM, THEY ALL FALL… THE AREA KNOWN AS INDOCHINA WAS DIVIDED INTO LAOS, CAMBODIA, AND VIETNAM IN THE 1954 GENEVA ACCORDS.

  10. B. KENNEDY AND JOHNSON WE GAVE OUR ASSISTANCE TO SOUTH VIETNAM UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF NGO DINH DIEM AND GRADUALLY INCREASED OUR SUPPORT OVER THE YEARS. 1960= 900 ADVISERS 1961= 3,200 1962= 11,000 THEY WERE NOT SUPPOSED TO FIGHT!

  11. IN SOUTH VIETNAM, GUERILLAS KNOWN AS VIET CONG WERE SUPPORTED BY HO CHI MINH. VIET CONG = VC OR CHARLIE BY 1963, DIEM WAS OVERTHROWN BY S. VIETNAMESE LEADERS AND THE V.C. WERE GAINING GROUND. PRESIDENT KENNEDY INDICATED HOPE OF WITHDRAWING OUR TROOPS, BUT HE WAS ASSASSINATED IN NOVEMBER OF 1963…

  12. LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON (LBJ) BECAME PRESIDENT (AND HE COULD NEVER ACCEPT A LOSS TO “COMMIES”). HE NEEDED AN ALL OUT WAR, AND IN 1964 THE GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION GAVE HIM A “BLANK CHECK” TO “TAKE ALL NECESSARY MEASURES” TO PROTECT AMERICAN LIVES AND INTERESTS. THE NORTH VIETNAMESE HIT 2 AMERICAN DESTROYERS WITH THEIR TORPEDO BOATS. (AMERICANS DID NOT KNOW THAT THEY HAD VIOLATED NORTH VIETNAMESE TERRITORIAL WATERS).

  13. JOHNSON WAS RE-ELECTED AND WE CONTINUED TO SEND IN GROUND TROOPS (NOW WE ARE FIGHTING)!! WE TOOK OVER FROM ARVN (ARMY OF REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM), THE SOUTH VIETNAMESE ARMY. 1964=23,000 1965=184,000 1966=485,000 1967=536,000

  14. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TURNING POINT OF THE WAR CAME IN 1968 WITH THE TET OFFENSIVE. TET WAS THE VIETNAMESE NEW YEAR AND TRADITIONALLY FIGHTING STOPPED FOR THIS CELEBRATION. THEY SHOCKED US BY LAUNCHING SIMULTANEOUS ATTACKS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY (AMERICAN EMBASSY SAIGON, AMERICAN MILITARY HQ, TAN SON NHUT AIRBASE. IT WAS A PSYCHOLOGICAL VICTORY FOR THE NORTH AND THE VC.

  15. C . ANTI-WAR PROTEST AS JOHNSON’S POPULARITY FELL, ANTI-WAR PROTEST SEEMED TO BE ON THE RISE… IN 1965, AS MANY AS 80% OF AMERICANS SUPPORTED THE WAR, BUT THINGS CHANGED AS TIME WENT ON… COLLEGE CAMPUSES WERE THE CENTER OF PROTEST GROUPS LIKE SDS (STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY) STAGED DEMONSTRATIONS. AMERICANS LEARNED OF INCIDENTS LIKE THE 1968 MY LAI MASSACRE.

  16. D. NIXON THE WAR POWERS ACT PASSED OVER NIXON’S VETO IN NOVEMBER 1973 REDUCED THE PRESIDENT’S ABILITY TO INVOLVE THE U.S. IN AN UNDECLARED WAR! REQUIRES PRES TO REPORT TO CONGRESS WITHIN 48 HOURS AFTER COMMITTING AMERICAN TROOPS TO FOREIGN CONFLICT. WITHOUT CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL THE PRES HAS 60 DAYS TO BEGIN WITHDRAWING THE TROOPS.

  17. NIXON BEGAN THE PROCESS OF “VIETNAMIZATION” WHICH MEANT TURNING THE WAR BACK OVER TO SOUTH VIETNAMESE TROOPS. HE BEGAN BRINGING OUR TROOPS HOME. HE WAS LOOKING FOR “PEACE WITH HONOR.” THE DRAFT ENDED IN 1973 IN MARCH OF ’73 THE LAST U.S. FORCES LEFT VIETNAM IN 1975 SOUTH VIETNAM FELL TO THE NORTH (COMMUNISM)

  18. E. A DIFFERENT WAR!! HOW WAS THIS WAR DIFFERENT? • AVERAGE AGE OF SOLDIER WAS 19-20 • DAILY NEWS COVERAGE (TELEVISION) • MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY (SOLDIERS SURVIVED WOUNDS) • NO FRONT LINES/ COULDN’T IDENTIFY ENEMY • NO DEBRIEFING (DOWNTIME) • 365 DAY TOUR OF DUTY

  19. Long Binh

  20. ANALYZE THE WAYS IN WHICH THE VIETNAM WAR HEIGHTENED SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC TENSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. FOCUS YOUR ANSWER ON THE PERIOD 1964 TO 1975. SOCIAL POLITICAL ECONOMIC

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