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Ornithology :D

Ornithology :D. 4-21-10. Pygostyle--12 Halux--19 Furcula--25 Keel--23 Tibiotarsus--22 Uncinate process--17 Coracoid--24. First inhalation: Travel through trachea into posterior air sacs. Air sacs inflate. First exhalation: Travel from posterior air sacs into lungs. Air sacs deflate.

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Ornithology :D

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  1. Ornithology :D 4-21-10

  2. Pygostyle--12 • Halux--19 • Furcula--25 • Keel--23 • Tibiotarsus--22 • Uncinate process--17 • Coracoid--24

  3. First inhalation: Travel through trachea into posterior air sacs. Air sacs inflate. First exhalation: Travel from posterior air sacs into lungs. Air sacs deflate. Second inhalation: Travel from lungs into anterior air sacs. Air sacs inflate. Second exhalation: Travel from lungs out trachea and into atmosphere. Air sacs deflate.

  4. A: Crop. An out-pocketing of the esophagus which stores food. Allows birds to quickly swallow food, reducing time vulnerable in open, and digest later. Columbiforms produce crop milk to feed to their young, formed by sloughing off of epithelial crop cells. B: Proventriculus, the glandular part of the stomach. Receives food from esophagus and secretes mucus, HCl, pepsinogen. C: Gizzard, other part of stomach and equivalent of teeth. Very muscular and used to grind up food. Some birds swallow grit which is used in the gizzard to help grind. A B C

  5. Passeriformes, Fringillidae, American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) • Nyjer and sunflower. • Goldfinches feed almost exclusively on seeds, which cowbird young cannot survive on. • Undulating and bouncy

  6. Passeriformes, Icteridae, Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) • Orange slices • Gourd-shaped, woven from fibers, and hung in a tall tree.

  7. Passeriformes, Icteridae, Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) • Association with livestock who flush insects. • Is a brood parasite—does not build nests but lays eggs in other species’ nests, where they are raised. • Calcium, because they lay so many eggs. Ingest snail shells and sometimes eggs from visited nests. • Cowbird eggs hatch fastermore food from parents. They also develop faster and can push out eggs and other nestlings, or smother said nestlings. 

  8. Passeriformes; Icteridae; Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) • Flocks are the #1 threat to corn. • Anting behavior—lets ants crawl over body which secrete formic acid, which can rid bird of parasites. • Upper mandible has a hardened keel used to help score and crack seeds (esp. acorns)

  9. Passeriformes, Icteridae, Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) • Breeds in wetlands and marshes, winters in agricultural areas • Placed over water, attached to reeds. • Leap-frog motion as they glean seeds from fields—birds in back of flock fly up and land at front.

  10. Passeriformes, Icteridae, Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta • Usually covered by a grass roof and may have entrance tunnel several feet long • Picks food from ground and probes beneath soil • Flute!

  11. Passeriformes, Icteridae, Red-winged Blackbird • Many--Up to 15; polygynous • Forms huge huge huge flocks (several million birds) • Usually in wet areas such as marshes and rice paddies; also in drier fields. Winters in agricultural areas. • Conk-la-reeeeeeee 

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