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The Roman Empire and Its Impact: Expansion, Reform, Civil War, and Pax Romana

Explore the history of the Roman Empire, from imperialism and expansion to civil wars and the establishment of Pax Romana. Learn about reforms, conflicts, and key figures that shaped the empire's trajectory. Discover the effects of expansion, attempts at reform, and the significance of the Pax Romana era.

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The Roman Empire and Its Impact: Expansion, Reform, Civil War, and Pax Romana

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  1. Warm up #30 What do the Roman numerals letters stand for? I- 1 V- 5 X- 10 L- 50 C- 100 D- 500 M- 1000 • What is ….. • XV • DLXI • MXIV • 26 • 125 • 1900

  2. The Roman Empire http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH106.jpg

  3. Effects of Expansion • Imperialism—Gaining control • of foreign lands and people • Carthage/ N. Africa • Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica • Greece • Asia Minor • Hispania • Effects of gaining new lands • More trade routes • Created a new class • of wealthy people • Wealthy started to create huge • estates/farmscalled Latifundia • which used slave labor http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/ms_wh_survey/resources/images/chapter_maps/wh09_romantrade.jpg

  4. Effects of Expansion • Effects of Latifundias • Hurt small farmers • Couldn’t keep up with production • Fell in debt and loss their farms • Moved to Rome looking for work • Gap between rich and poor increased! http://romancrisis.wikispaces.com/Latifundia http://www.mmdtkw.org/02-04-04LaterRomanVillas.jpg

  5. Attempts of Reform The Gracchus Brothers attempted to reform society by helping the unemployed and the poor. The wealthy senators eventually had the Gracchus Brothers killed in order to keep their way of life. Result of conflict between wealthy and poor…. Civil War! http://www.patriotresource.com/gladiator/graphics/history/gracchi.jpg

  6. Roman Civil War • Fight over the control of Rome • Two Roman Generals fought for control • Pompey (already in Rome) • Caesar (conquering Gaul) • Pompey had the Senate order • Caesar to disband his army • Caesar ignored order and marched • his troops into Rome and defeated • Pompey and his supporters http://www.newgenevacenter.org/portrait/pompey.jpg http://www.info-antike.de/julcaes.gif

  7. Roman Civil War • “Veni, vidi, vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered) • After defeating Pompey, Caesar marched • throughout Rome and put down all rebellions • Caesar returned to Rome and demanded the • Senate to declare him dictator, which they did http://www.culturalresources.com/images/CaesarRubicon.jpg

  8. Warm up #31 Why do you think Julius Caesar was assassinated?

  9. Caesar’s Reforms • Caesar’s reforms • Public works program • Employed many • Gave public land to the poor • Granted more citizenship to • more people • Introduced the Julian Calendar http://wordinfo.info/unit/3194/ip:24

  10. Ides of March • Fearing Caesar’s power, enemies • created a plot to assassinate him. • March 15, 44 BCE • Stabbed in the Senate • Et tu, Brute? • Caesar’s friend Brutus • was even on the plot • Led to round of Civil Wars http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Junius_Brutus_the_Younger http://www.hbw2000.com/1892Gravures/ides-of-march.jpg

  11. Who is next??? • 31 BCE finally Octavian defeated • Marc Antony and his ally Cleopatra • of Egypt • Gave himself the title Augustus, or • Exalted One…again having absolute • power http://www.beloit.edu/~classics/main/courses/history222/julius/cleopatra/Asp-Cleopatra_Michelangelo_via_Vasari.jpg http://www.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/e/e5/Marcanty.JPG http://harpy.uccs.edu/roman/primaugustus.jpg

  12. Imperial Rome Octavian Augustus made some reforms • Created a civil service to enforce laws • More opportunity for jobs • Created a more fair tax system • Order a census to be taken • Created a postal service Octavian Augustus was a very good emperor of Rome, the big question would be; who would follow O. Augustus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Triumvirate

  13. The Good and the Bad • The Bad… • Caligula • Named his horse as a consul • Nero • Persecuted Christians • Blamed for setting a fire which • nearly burnt Rome to the ground • The Good… • Hadrian • Built Hadrian’s Wall in Britain • to keep invaders out • Marcus Aurelius http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian's_Wall http://www.newgenevacenter.org/portrait/caligula.jpg http://www.jimpoz.com/quotes/images/speakers/aurelius.jpg http://www.beloit.edu/~classics/main/courses/history222/nero/Nero(55-9)Large.jpg

  14. Pax Romana • Pax Romana “Roman Peace” • 200 year period from Octavian to • Marcus Aurelius • Advanced trading with Egypt, • China and India • Entertainment • Circus Maximus (race course) • Gladiators • However, Pax Romana hid issues • which will eventually lead to Rome’s • decline http://www.vroma.org/images/raia_images/hadrian.jpg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=La70eV1mTe0

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