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Diabetes

Diabetes is a major health problem characterized by insulin deficiency, leading to high blood sugar levels. Learn about the types of diabetes, the importance of exercise, and nutrition therapy goals for managing the condition.

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Diabetes

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  1. Diabetes • Characterized by an absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) insulin deficiency that results in hyperglycemia • A major health problem and leading cause of death in the United States • More than 17 million with diabetes, only 11.1 million are diagnosed

  2. Diabetes • Type 1 • Lack of insulin • Develops early in life • 10% diabetic population • Type 2 • Resistance to insulin • Develops later in life • 90% diabetic population

  3. Diabetes

  4. Exercise and the Diabetic • Control of blood glucose is important • Adequate insulin is required • Ketosis • Metabolic acidosis from accumulation of ketone bodies • May result from a lack of insulin

  5. Effect of Prolonged Exercise in Diabetics Fig 17.1

  6. Exercise and Type 1 Diabetes • Pre-exercise blood glucose level • 80 to 250 mg•dl-1 • Timing with insulin • Should not exercise at time of peak insulin action • Glucose monitoring • During/after exercise • Carbohydrate intake • During recovery

  7. Effect of Plasma Insulin Levels in Type 1 Diabetics During Exercise Fig 17.2

  8. Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes • Blood glucose monitoring • In those taking oral hyperglycemic agents • Exercise prescription • 4-7 times per week • Promotes weight loss and sustained increase in insulin sensitivity • Minimum of 1000 kcal/wk • From all physical activity

  9. American Diabetes AssociationGoals for Nutrition Therapy • Attain & maintain optimum metabolci outcomes: • Blood glucose levels in normal range • A lipid & lipoprotein profile that reduces the risk of macrovascular disease • Blood pressure level that reduces risk of vascular disease • Improve health through food choice & activity • Address individual nutritional needs

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