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MAC Industry Choices And Meeting Objectives

MAC Industry Choices And Meeting Objectives. Stephen O. Andersen Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership. Introductions Please Name & Affiliation Only. Conveners Andersen & Taddonio SAE International Co-Sponsors Speakers Participants.

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MAC Industry Choices And Meeting Objectives

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  1. MAC Industry Choices And Meeting Objectives Stephen O. Andersen Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership

  2. Introductions PleaseName & Affiliation Only • Conveners Andersen & Taddonio • SAE International Co-Sponsors • Speakers • Participants

  3. Thanks to SAE InternationalFor Refreshments

  4. EPA Congratulates MAC Community • 1988 CFC-12 Recover & Recycle • 1990 Global Choice HFC-134a to Replace CFC-12 • 1994 Global CFC-12 Phaseout in New Cars/Trucks • 1994-97 EC RACE CO2 Consortium • 1998 First Annual SAE Phoenix Forum • 1999 Mobile AC Climate Protection Partnership • 2000+ SAE CRPs, Standards, Leadership… • 2000+ MAC Summits: EC & USA • 2000+ EC F-Gas Directive, EC B-Cool… • 2000+ California ARB Integrated Refrigerant/Fuel Initiatives • 2000+ EPA/Delphi 152a, EPA/UNEP/Centro Ricerche Fiat, SNAP… • 2006+ GM/SAE/EPA/JAMA GREEN MAC LCCP • 2007 Mobile AC Society (MACS) Training Upgrade + • 2008 Next Generation Refrigerant Choices

  5. New American Presidency • New Goals • Economy, Security, Earth-in-Peril • Change, Sooner-rather-than-later • New Team • Can-Do, Motivated, Ambitious • New MAC Opportunity • GHG reduction paid by fuel savings • Suite of complementary regulations • Implemented globally at cost-effective pace

  6. The Audacity of Engineering Genius • Political change invites new climate thinking • With “Yes We Can” technical optimism • Disciplined by Life-Cycle Climate Performance • Making the most of natural refrigerants • Embracing low-GWP HFCs -- where superior • Cooperating worldwide to rapidly transform markets to the next generation of technology • Reducing greenhouse gas emissions far more than can be achieved with a regional approach

  7. Earth Protection Vision:Superior Refrigerants Globally • One refrigerant implemented quickly worldwide • Competitively produced and affordably priced • No trade barriers or excessive profits • Achieving the highest energy efficiency • Supported with standards and regulations • Serviced professionally and without emissions • Saving money in fuel and repair • Protecting the climate • Satisfying new car customers

  8. HFC-1234yf: Japan, US, Non-VDA EC Choice • Benefits • Near drop-in for direct expansion MAC systems • Ready for conventional, hybrid, electric, & fuel cell • Low global warming potential (GWP = 4); non-toxic • Superior Life-Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) • Challenges • Mildly flammable • Higher refrigerant cost • Not yet produced in commercial quantities • Pending SNAP regulatory approval in US markets

  9. R744: VDA Choice • Benefits: • Particularly suitable for mild European climates where people prefer less air conditioning • Supported by the VDA, some suppliers, and EC companies claiming patent rights • Very low Global Warming Potential (GWP) = 1 • Challenges: • Total system re-design, high pressure, toxic, costly • Poor small car fuel efficiency, cooling, & drivability • Pending SNAP regulatory approval in US markets

  10. HFC-152a: Backup for HFC-1234yf • Benefits • Good energy efficiency and cooling performance • Medium global warming potential (GWP = 124) • Superior LCCP if leak-tight systems with idle stop • SNAP Listed; Low cost and unprotected by patents • Challenges • Mildly flammable • Safe in direct expansion systems only with detection and discharge or other safety systems • Safe in secondary-loop systems properly designed

  11. Hydrocarbons (HC): Choice of No One • Benefits • Good cooling performance and energy efficiency • Low Global Warming Potential (GWP = ~5) • Challenges • Highly flammable, easily ignited • Not safe in direct expansion MAC systems • Secondary-loop air conditioning systems and other safety mitigation does not yet satisfy automobile industry safety concerns • Prohibited by many environmental & safety authorities; Not SNAP listed

  12. Steve’s Crystal Ball • Environmental authorities and citizens worldwide will pursue fuel-efficient, GWP<150, technology for mobile & stationary AC • VDA, with the support of Greenpeace, will pursue R-744 for domestic EC markets • Japan, USA, and EC companies will pursue R-1234yf for markets in hot and humid climates demanding energy & LCCP performance • Market transformation outside EC may start sooner and finish faster than F-gas Directive

  13. Today • Refrigerant Choice • SAE Cooperative Research Programs • SAE Standards • Barrier Removal & Prospect • Business Acumen for Climate Protection • GREEN-MAC LCCP • Consensus & Way Forward

  14. EPA Contact Information Dr Stephen O. Andersen, + 1 202 343 9069 Andersen.Stephen@epa.gov Drusilla Hufford +1 202 343 9101 Hufford.Drusilla@epa.gov Kristen N. Taddonio +1 202 343 9234 Taddonio.Kristen@epa.gov Karen Thundiyil +1 202 343 9464 Thundiyil.Karen@epa.gov

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