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Transport policies and measures in EU to mitigate climate change

Transport policies and measures in EU to mitigate climate change. François MOISAN Director of Strategy and Research Scientific Director ADEME, France. Since 1990, unit consumption of each transport mode decreased but global CO 2 emissions from transport increased by 26%. ODEX Transport :.

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Transport policies and measures in EU to mitigate climate change

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  1. Transport policies and measures in EU to mitigate climate change François MOISAN Director of Strategy and Research Scientific Director ADEME, France

  2. Since 1990, unit consumption of each transport mode decreased but global CO2 emissions from transport increased by 26% ODEX Transport : cars: specific consumption in litres/km  trucks & light vehicles: unit consumption per ton-km air : unit consumption per passenger-km rail ,water : unit consumption/pkm or tkm  motorcycles, buses: toe/vehicle

  3. Since 1990, large discrepancies in energy efficiency progress of transport modes in different Member States EU 15

  4. Energy demand for trucks will increase strongly (x 1.85 to 2 vs 1990) representing more than 40% of transport consumption in 2030 Private cars consumption will remain important (about 40% of total consumption) but would decrease since 2010 in absolute value Aviation consumption will increase in relative and absolute terms 13 to 15 % of total transport demand in 2030 (11% in 1990) CO2 emissions would increase by 10 to 38% (vs 1990) ! EU transport sector in 2030 : energy and CO2 forecast (DGTREN) … but emissions of greenhouse gases should be reduced by a factor 4 to 5 at 2050

  5. Attractivity of public and railway transport modes (reduction of noise and pollution, TIC) Development of energy efficiency of cars : reduction of weight, auxiliaries, motors and combustion Biofuels Hybrid, plugable hybrid, electrical and natural gas vehicles Hydrogen and fuel cells vehicles Technical options for road transports

  6. Scenario « enhanced energy efficiency of vehicules » (50% gain on unit consumptions), contribution of biofuels (15%) and conventional oil. Scenario « fleet segmentation » : development of specific urban vehicle (electric) : limited autonomy for urban travels, alternative schemes of vehicle property (shared property…) + biofuels and conventional oil for other uses and other vehicles. Factor 4 visions to 2050 : 4 road maps

  7. Scenario « hydrogen and fuel cells without CO2 » : 2/3 of vehicles are fueled with hydrogen produced by a free CO2 source (eventually with CO2 capture and storage) Scenario « electricity and plugable hybrid vehicle» electricity without CO2 for 80% of motor fuel mix + 15% biofuels Factor 4 visions to 2050 : 4 road maps(following)

  8. 25 to 30 years ! 15 years 25 to 30 years to transform the cars fleet :INTRODUCTION OF A NEW PRODUCTDISSEMINATION IN THE CAR STOCK Source ADEME from C. GALLEZ

  9. Reducing energy consumption in transport sector needs specific measures beyond technological improvements… Urban transport of passengers : public transport infrastructures and urban planning, fiscal incentives, road pricing, land taxation… Interurban transport of passengers : railway infrastructures and new services, taxes and pricing… Interurban transport of goods : railway infrastructures, logistic services, responsibility of companies ordering transport Urban delivery of goods : logistic services, urban planning …Inducing new activities and new jobs

  10. 67 % 79 ' 31 % 92 ' IMPACT OF URBAN DENSITY ON ENERGY AND CO2 FOR URBAN PASSENGER TRAVELS goe/day*capita - Urban planning tools for local authorities - Collective transports development - Employees traveling plans by companies Source INRETS Gallez 1995 pour l'ADEME

  11. IMPACT OF MAXIMAL SPEED OF CARS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN URBAN AREA • Tax on vehicles (€/gCO2), incentives for efficient cars • mandatory speed limitation at vehicle construction Source INRETS

  12. TGV COMPETITION TGV / AIR PLANE BASE 100 1972 • Railway infrastructure development • Externalities internalization and cap on CO2 aviation emissions

  13. TGV COMPETITION RAILWAY / PLANE MODAL SHARE REGARDING TIME OF TRAVEL Source METLTM 2002

  14. Rail-road combined transport COMPARISON RAILWAY & ROAD TRANSPORTexample Paris<=> Toulouse • Regulation of trucks drivers work conditions • Incentives for companies ordering transport Source SNCF ADEME IMPACT

  15. A LARGE POTENTIAL MARKET Transport Combiné Potential modal shift for goods from road : 27% of domestic, 76% of export/import, 98% of Transit traffic ? 2000 • Highway taxation for trucks • harmonization of truck drivers working legislation Source SES

  16. 10 km 10 km 12 x 500 kg 5 km URBAN GOODS DELIVERY : IMPACT OF LOGISTIC ORGANISATION SCENARIO 2 : TURN DELIVERY SCENARIO 1 : PARALLEL DELIVERY 6 tons SCENARIO 2 : Division by 4 of CO2 emissions ! - Urban planning schemes Source Ademe

  17. Development of new functions in companies, local authorities and as new commercial services Strong potential development in the field of Information and Communication activities Large investment in infrastructure for the transition New industrial scheme for car manufacturers ? New services for mobility ? Policies and measures in the transport sector will change the structure of related activities

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