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Molecular structure and naming

Molecular structure and naming. Moving from Lewis dot to Structural formula. You have been using Lewis dot structures and molecular formulas Now we simplify it with structural formulas Structural formulas use symbols and bonds to show relative position of atoms. Figuring out number of bonds.

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Molecular structure and naming

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  1. Molecular structure and naming

  2. Moving from Lewis dot to Structural formula • You have been using Lewis dot structures and molecular formulas • Now we simplify it with structural formulas • Structural formulas use symbols and bonds to show relative position of atoms.

  3. Figuring out number of bonds • Atoms that make the most connections go in the center • Determine the number of electrons available for bonding • Divide that number in half to find the number of bonding pairs • Use as many of your bonding pairs for single bonds • Remaining bonding pairs will make double or triple bonds

  4. Practice

  5. Practice

  6. Resonance Structures • Resonance is when more than one structure can be written for a molecule or ion.

  7. Exceptions to the Octet rule • Odd numbers of valence electrons • N+O2= how many total electrons? • 5+ 6+6= 17 • They cannot be paired up. • Suboctets • A lone pair of electrons can be shared by a group that doesn’t have a spot • BH3 + NH3

  8. Expanded Octets • When the atom forms more bonds and shares more than eight electrons. • PCl5 • SF6

  9. Naming Electrons • Binary compounds • The first element in the formula is always named first, using the whole element name. • The second element in the formula is named using the root and changing the end to ide. • Prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element that are present. Ex. Monoxide, dioxide, tetrafloride.

  10. Naming Acids binary • The first word has the hydro to name the hydrogen part of the compound • The rest of the first word consists of a form of the root of the second element plus the suffix –ic. • The second word is acid. • Hydrochloric acid HCl

  11. Naming Acids oxyacids • First indentify the oxyanion present. The first word of an oxyacid’s name consists of the root of the oxyanion and the prefix(if it exists) and the suffix. • Suffix ate is released with ic • ite is replaced with ous • The second word is always acid • Sulfuric acid H2SO4

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