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Medical Ethics

Medical Ethics. Fall 2011 Philosophy 2440 Prof. Robert N. Johnson Sheng Zhang Joshua Smart. Syllabus: www.missouri.edu/~johnsonrn/MedicalEthicsSyllabus.htm Available through my webpage via the Department of Philosophy Website. Text:

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Medical Ethics

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  1. Medical Ethics Fall 2011 Philosophy 2440 Prof. Robert N. Johnson Sheng Zhang Joshua Smart

  2. Syllabus: www.missouri.edu/~johnsonrn/MedicalEthicsSyllabus.htm Available through my webpage via the Department of Philosophy Website. • Text: • Ronald Munson Intervention and Reflection, 9th Edition. • Course Requirements • Journal entries • Midterm • Final

  3. The Origins of the Field and Its Current Status • Some beginnings: • Code of Hammurabi (1700 BCE) • Hippocratic Code/Oath (500 BCE) • Jewish and Islamic Codes • The Nuremburg Code, 1948 • Life Magazine article on dialysis selection committee, November 1962

  4. The Origins of the Field and Its Current Status • Current Status • Medical ethics programs in every medical and nursing schools, HRP, etc. • Journals, e.g. Hastings Center Report, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy • Centers, e.g. Hastings Center, Kennedy Center at Georgetown University, Midwest Bioethics Center, K.C. • Hospital ethics committees • Intense media coverage

  5. The Social Context:Why Is Medical Ethics So Prevalent? • Some factors: • Federal government support, e.g. IRBs, national commissions, publications • Rise of medical technology, 3rdparty payers, professional ethics, team health care • Women's movement • Legalization, legislation, and litigation

  6. Some Historical Points: 1940's and 1950's Human subject research IRB's Doctor-patient relationship: a) buyer and seller b) child and parent c) individual and agent of society d) client and professional e) passive recipient and active provider f) the powerless and the powerful g) friend and friend

  7. Some Historical Points: 1940's and 1950's (cont.) Doctor-patient relationship (cont.): h) contractual relationship: a legal agreement based on mistrust i) covenant relationship: a mutual agreement based on trust j) gatekeeper relationship informed consent informed refusal proxy consent/refusal competence death/dying

  8. Some Historical Points: 1960's and 1970's privacy and confidentiality abortion/status of the fetus allocation of scarce resources definition of death

  9. Some Historical Points: 1980's genetics issues nursing ethics professional ethics reproductive issues AIDS animal rights

  10. Some Historical Points: 1990's human genome project right to health care/health care reform managed care/professionalism fetal neural tissue transplantation cloning

  11. Some Historical Points: 1990's (cont.) • stem cell research and therapy • gerontological issues • cross-cultural medical ethics • alternative medicine • non-Western medicine

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