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Capitalization

Capitalization. Rules and Examples. The Rules Summary. Names of: People Buildings Groups Ships Companies Courses Places Words that stand in for names Acronyms. Capitalize beginnings of: Sentences Quotations Salutations or Closings Titles of works First and last words

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Capitalization

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  1. Capitalization Rules and Examples

  2. The Rules Summary • Names of: • People • Buildings • Groups • Ships • Companies • Courses • Places • Words that stand in for names • Acronyms • Capitalize beginnings of: • Sentences • Quotations • Salutations or Closings • Titles of works • First and last words • Other words (except prepositions and articles) • Bullet list items • Months and Days • Titles of people when accompanied by a name

  3. Capitalize Beginnings • Sentences (all 3 types) • Cats eat mice. • Do cats eat mice? • Your cat ate my mouse! • Quotations • Tim said sadly, “My mouse has been eaten.” • According to one expert, “Cats do not really eat mice” (Gates 23). • Salutations or Closings • Dear Tim, • Yours apologetically,

  4. Capitalize Titles of Works • Books • Movies • Albums • Periodicals • Television Shows • Articles • Episodes • Songs • Poems • Stories • Capitalize the first and last words • Capitalize all other important words • DO NOT capitalize: • articles (a, an, the) • prepositions (in, out, on, over, under, to, at, with, for, etc.) • Conjunctions (and, also, but, so, or, etc.) • Of Mice and Men • “We Are the Champions” • “The Road Less Traveled”

  5. Capitalize Names – Proper Nouns(follow the rules for titles) Tom Thompson lives on Fifth Avenue, in New York, in the Thomas Mann Building, where the leader of Journalist Jokester Union first set up a strike against the Village Voice just after one World War II Thanksgiving for not having a Pepsi machine in their lobby. • People • Places • Cities, Countries, Planets, Counties, States, Regions • Buildings • Events • Groups • Ships • Companies • Products • Courses • Holidays

  6. Capitalize Bullet list items The first word in each bullet is capitalized. The main complaints of house cats: • Too much noise • Not enough food • Dogs chasing us around • Children poking and pulling us • Insolent humans who fail to do our bidding

  7. Capitalize Months and Days • From January until June, I put up with the antics of the surly kitten. • On Monday morning, I vowed to give the cat away on Friday if things did not improve.

  8. Capitalize Titles of People(only when a name is present) • On Wednesday, President Obama went to France. • On Wednesday, the president went to France. AND • The petition was signed by Hillary Clinton, Secretary of State. • The petition was signed by the secretary of state.

  9. Capitalize Words that stand in for Names Whenever you can replace a word with a formal name (a proper noun), you should capitalize it, especially in cases of direct address. • Aren’t you ready yet, Mom? • Your mom isn’t ready yet! • Last week Grandpa took me to the zoo. • Last week my grandpa took me to the zoo. • Can you hear me, Sir? • The doctor said I am as healthy as a house cat.

  10. Capitalize Acronyms Acronyms are initials taken from the first letter in a series of words. • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) • Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) • People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)

  11. DO NOT Capitalize (1 of 2) • Seasons • You can visit during winter, spring, summer, or fall. • Generalized/shortened names (i.e. congress, the bureau) • The bureau chased him down because he stole records from the doctor. • Job titles without names • The chairman was fired last week. • The second part of a split quote • “You will see,” she said, “that not everything is as it seems.”

  12. DO NOT Capitalize (2 of 2) • First word after a colon or semicolon • The cat ate: mice, frogs, fish, and a Thanksgiving turkey. • The sun finally came out; everyone headed out of doors. • Compass points • Travel north for 5 miles then head east. • Earth if it means “dirt” • The four elements are earth, air, fire, and water. • Class names that are not formal course names • I take math and French on Fridays.

  13. Places to go to Practice Capitalization • http://a4esl.org/q/j/ck/ed-caps.html • http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/GRAMMAR/cgi-shl/par_numberless_quiz.pl/caps_quiz.htm • http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/bl_capitalizequiz.htm Remember you can also conduct an Internet search for Capitalization Practice for more review

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