UNIT-IV HEALTH EDUCATION Presented by: Mrs. Juliet D’Souza Department : Community health nursing

1. UNIT-IVHEALTH EDUCATIONPresented by: Mrs. Juliet D’SouzaDepartment : Community health nursing

2. Learning objectives • At the end of the class the students are able to • Define health education • Mention the aims/objectives of health education. • List the modes and of health education. • Explain the scope/contents of health education.

3. Learning objectives • Discuss the methods of health education. • Describe the principles of health education. • Enumerate the planning and national plan for health education . • Explain the nurses role in conducting health education

4. INTRODUCTION • Health education is one strategy of health promotion and is focused on helping individuals learn and use health-enhancing skills.  • The main focus of health education is to make the community people aware about the prevalent disease and its preventive methods or educating individual people about their illness and helping them to take care of their health

5. Definition Alma Ata Declaration 1978 “ a process aimed at encouraging people to want to be healthy, to know how to stay healthy ,to do what they can individually and collectively to maintain health and to seek help when needed”

6. Definition According to WHO • “Health education like general education is concerned with the change in knowledge, feelings and behaviour of people. in its most usual form it concentrates on developing such health practices as are believed to bring about the best possible state of well being”

7. Aims/objectives • To encourage people to adopt and sustain health promoting life style and practices • To promote the proper use of health services available • To arouse interest, provide knowledge, improve skills, and change attitudes in making rational decisions to solve their own problems

8. Aims/objectives • To stimulate individual and community self reliance and participation to achieve health development through individual and community involvement at every stem from identifying problems to solving problem

9. Modes of health education • Medical model • Motivation model • Social intervention model

10. Medical model • Primarily interested in the recognition and treatment of disease and technological advances to facilitate the process. • In this model social, cultural and psychological factors were thought to be of little or no importance. • The medical model did not bridge the gap between knowledge and behaviour.

11. Motivation model • Awareness – interest • Motivation –evaluation ,decision making • Action – adoption or acceptance

12. Social intervention model • It is not a individual who need to be changed but social environment which shapes the behaviour of individual and community.

13. SCOPE/ CONTENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION • HUMAN BIOLOGY • NUTRITION • HYGIENE • FAMILY HEALTH • MENTAL HEALTH • DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL • PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS • USE OF HEALTH SERVICES

14. PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION • CREDIBILITY • INTEREST • PARTICIPATION • MOTIVATION • COMPRREHENSION • REINFORCEMENT

15. PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION • KNOWN TO UNKNOWN • LEARNING BY DOING • SETTING AN EXAMPLE • GOOD HUMAN RELATIONS • FEEDBACK • LEADERS

19. MOTIVATION • In every person, there is a fundamental desire to learn. Awakening this desire is called motivation. • In health education make use of motivation to change behaviour. • Motivation is contagious; one motivated person may spread motivation throughout a group.

21. REINFORCEMENT • Repetition at intervals is necessary. • If there is no reinforcement , there is every possibility of the individual going back to the pre-awareness stage. • Message should be repeated in different ways, people are more likely to remember it

23. KNOWN TO UNKNOWN • It must proceed from the concrete to the abstract; from the particular to the general ; from the the simple to the more complicated; from the easy to more difficult; and from the known to unknown.

24. SETTING AN EXAMPLE • The health educator should follow what he preaches. • He should set an examples to others to follow .

25. GOOD HUMAN RELATIONS • This principle states that the health educator should have good personal qualities and should be able to maintain friendly relations with the people • The health educator should have a kind and sympathetic attitude towards the people and should always be helpful to them in clarifying doubts or repeating what is not understood

26. FEEDBACK • For any program to be successful it is necessary to collect feedback to find out if any modifications are needed to make the program more effective.

27. LEADERS • Community leaders can be used to reach the people of the community and to convince them about the need for health education • Leaders can also be used to educate the people as they will have a rapport and will be familiar with the people of their community • The leader will have an understanding of the needs of the community and advice and guide them

28. PRACTICE OF HEALTH EDUCATION • Audio –visual aids. • Methods in health communication.

29. 1. AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS • It helps to simplify unfamiliar concepts; bring about understanding where words fail; reinforce learning by appealing to more than one sense and provide a dynamic way to avoiding monotony.

30. AUDITORY AIDS RADIO TAPE RERCORDER MICROPHONES AMPLIFIERS EAR PHONES

31. VISUAL AIDS • NOT REQUIRING PROJECTION • CHALK BOARD • LEAFLETS • POSTERS • CHARTS • FLANNEL GRAPHS • EXHIBITS • SPECIMENS • REQUIRING PROJECTION • SLIDES • FILM STRIPS

32. COMBINED AV AIDS • Sound & sight combined together to create a better presentation • Televisions • Tape and slide combinations • Video Cassette Players and Recorders • Motivation pictures or Cinemas • Multimedia Computers

33. 2.METHODS IN HEALTH COMMUNICATION • INDIVIDUAL APPROACH • GROUP APPROACH • MASS APPROACH.

34. Planning of health education

35. Nurses role/responsibilities as a health educator • The nurse should consider following points during health education: • To gain the confidence of people • To arouse the interest in people about good health • To motivate them to bring about chnages in habbits in healthy living

36. Conti … • To develop sense of responsibility among people towards good health of the whole community • Motivate or encourage them to use of health services • co-operative feeling • Select the subject matter according to need • Use appropriate audio-visual aids

37. Conti .. • Use opportunities of health education wisely • It should be planned and continuous and implementation based on resources • Nurses should come forward and take Sufficient participation and cooperation of government and voluntary agencies is essential for health education • Effective communication should be maintain

38. National plan for health education • Central health education bureau: • It was created in the year 1956. • The bureau started with one unit and few staff members in 1956 grew in size and activities gradually and seven divisions with trained technical personnel and one administrative division.

39. Objectives • Interpret the plans, Programmes and achievements of the ministry of health and family welfare. • Design guide and conduct research in health behaviour, health education processes and aids. • Produce and distribute type health education material in relation to various health problems and programmes

40. Objectives • Train key health and community welfare workers in health education and research methods, evolve effective methodology and tools of training. • Help schools and teacher training institutes for health education of the school population. • Provide guidelines for the organizational set-up and functioning of health education units at the state, district and other levels.

41. Objectives • Render technical help to official and non-official agencies engaged in health education work and coordinate their programmes. • Collaborate with international agencies in promoting health education activities

42. Divisions of CHEB • Media and editorial division • Health promotion and education • The school health education division • Administrative division

43. SUMMARY • Today we dealt about • Definition of health education • Aims/objectives • Modes • Scope/contents • Methods • Principles • National plan for health education . • Nurses role

44. CONCLUSION • Health education have the potential to tactile the underlying determinants of oral health and thereby improve the oral health of all sections of society. it has an immediate impact on behavior. • It is vital to the practice and prevention and is the channel for reaching the people and alerting them to health services and resources.

45. EVALUATION • Methods of health education(5marks) • Define health education, list the objectives and explain the principles of health education(2+3+5) • National health education policy came into exist in…… • 1956 • 1946 • 1966 • 1986

46. EVALUATION • Common method used in group health education is • Panel discussion • Role play • Symposium • lecturer • The modern concept of health education emphasizes on • Health behaviour and relation art • Community participation • Prevention of diseases • Intersectoral co-ordination

47. EVALUATION • Important principles of health education is… • Management • Empathy • Known to unknown • Incredible • One of the main methods used in health education is • Known to unknown • Didactic • Interest • participation

48. EVALUATION • Expand the word AV Aid in health education • Audio visualization aid • Audio vision aid • Audio visual aid • Auto visual aid • The first directive health education is • Information • Make changes in life style • Motivation • reinforcement