Health Education Li Xiaohan School of Nursing China Medical University

1. Health Education Li Xiaohan School of Nursing China Medical University

2. Health Education 1. Introduction to health education 2. Behaviors relevant to health 3. Teaching methods and cautions

3. Introduction to health education (1) Definition of health education (2) Purpose and tasks of health education (3) Principles of health education (4) Process of health education (5) The roles and functions of nurses in the health education

4. Definition of health education Health education is a systematic social educational activity which has plan, organization, and evaluation. It spreads the knowledge related to health care to people. It assists people to understand themselves heath status, recognize the factors harming health. It makes people change their ill life habits and behaviors, and adopt the behaviors and life styles conducive to health actively, and reduce and eliminate the health risk factors in order to prevent illness, promote health and increase the quality of life.

5. Purpose and tasks of health education (a) Purpose of health education (b) Tasks of health education

6. Purpose of health education • To teach the clients to build up a correct awareness on health • To change the clients’ ill (unhealthy) life habits • To nurture well (healthy) behaviors and life style

7. To reduce or eliminate health risk factors • To prevent illness, promote health and enhance the health level of whole nationality

8. Tasks of health education • To assist the clients to build up a feeling of responsibility on preventing illness and maintaining oneself health status

9. To create an environment that helps to individual’s behavior change; to promote the individual to adopt the advisable decision-making and select the behaviors that help to health.

10. To instruct the client to master the knowledge related to the care of illness and healing in order to enhance the abilities of self -health care and self-care. In this way, the client will become a healthy person and a person with high quality of life.

11. Principles of health education • Principle of meeting patient’s needs • first. (2) Principle of implementing teaching individually (3) Principle of practicality

12. (4) Principle of realism of objective (5) Principle of participation of clients and their family members (6) Principle of teaching and learning step by step

13. (7) Principle of teaching by stages (8) Principle of intuition (9) Principle ofpopularization (10) Principle of prompting

14. Process of health education (A) To assess the patient’s learning needs (B) To establish the teaching and learning objectives (C) To constitute the teaching plan (D) To implement the teaching plan (E) To evaluate the teaching and learning

15. To assess the patient’s learning needs To assess leaning ability To assess psychological status To assess social-cultural background

16. To assess leaning attitude To assess prevenient learning experiences To assess learning preparation To assess the learning needs

17. To establish the behavior objectives (A) The classification and statement of teaching and learning objectives (B) The functions of teaching and learning objectives (C) The principles of establishing the teaching and learning objectives

18. The classification and statement of teaching and learning objectives Teaching objectives Learning objectives

19. Teaching objectives • Teaching objectives for the patients at the entrance to hospital • Teaching objectives for the pre- operational patients • Teaching objectives for the post- operational patients

20. Teaching objectives • Teaching objectives for the hospitalized patients • Teaching objectives for the patients with special examinations and treatments • Teaching objectives for the patients who will be discharged from the hospital

21. Learning objectives • Objectives in cognitive domain • Objectives in affective domain • Objectives in psychomotor domain

22. The functions of teaching and learning objectives The function of teaching objectives The function of learning objectives

23. The functions of teaching objectives (a) To make the nurse identify what is the aim that the teaching wish to achieve and what is the content that the nurse should teach

24. (b) To instruct the nurse to assess patient’s learning needs according to the teaching objectives (c)To point out the direction for the nurse to assist the patient to establish the learning objectives

25. (d) To instruct the nurse to select adequate teaching content and teaching methods (e) To provide a base for the nurse to evaluate the learning outcomes of the patients

26. The functions of learning objectives (a) To assist the patients to identify the content that they need to learn and master in the period of hospitalization, and let the patients and their family members to make preparations in psychological aspect for learning.

27. (b) To make the patients understand the aims that the learning need to reach, and the benefits from the aims to their health in order that the nurse may spirit up the patients and their family members to take part in the learning activities actively.

28. (c) To contribute to assist the nurse and patient to judge whether they have achieved the objectives through the teaching and learning activities.

29. The principles of establishing the teaching and learning objectives • The principles of establishing the teaching objectives • The principles of establishing the learning objectives

30. The principles of establishing the teaching objectives Principle of teaching by stages Principle of objectivity Principle of consistency

31. The principles of establishing the learning objectives Principle of realistic thought Principle of identity Principle of synthesis Principle of being able to measured

32. To constitute the teaching plan • The structure of the plan for • health education (b) Teaching content (c) Cautions on selecting teaching content

33. The structure of the plan for health education • Teaching objectives • Learning objectives • Teaching content • Teaching methods • Evaluation of teaching and learning

34. Teaching content 1) General healthful knowledge 2) Knowledge of the prevention and treatment of illness 3)Knowledge of various examinations and treatments

35. 4) Knowledge of administering reasonable medication 5)Knowledge of mental health 6) Knowledge of seeing a physician

36. 7) Knowledge of behavior instruction and training conducive to health 8) Knowledge of teaching on each disease

37. Cautions on selecting teaching content 1) The content, or what is to be taught, is determined by learning objectives. Nurses can select among many sources of information including books, nursing journals and other nurses and physicians.

38. Whatever sources the nurse chooses, content should be: Accurate Current Based on learning objectives

39. 2) Adjusted for the learner’s age, culture, and ability 3) Consistent with information the nurse is teaching 4) Selected with consideration of how much time and what resources are available for teaching

40. To implement the teaching plan • Guidelines for teaching • Influencing factors on patient’s learning

41. Guidelines for teaching 1) The optimal time for each session depends largely on the learner. 2) The pace of each teaching session also affects learning. 3) An environment can detract from or assist learning

42. 4) Teaching aids can foster learning and help focus a learner’s attention. 5) Learning is more effective when the learners discover the content for themselves.

43. Ways to increase learning include stimulating motivation and stimulating self-direction: • By providing specific, realistic, achievable objectives • By giving feedback • By helping the learner derive satisfaction from learning

44. 6) Repetition reinforces learning Ways of repeating and clarifying content: • Summarizing content • Rephrasing------using other words • Approaching the material from another point of view

45. 7) It is helpful to employ “organizers” to introduce material to be learned 8) Using a layperson’s vocabulary enhances communication

46. Influencing factors on patient’s learning • Factors related to the educator (nurse) • Factors related to the learner (client)

47. Factors related to the educator (nurse) • Awareness on client teaching • Knowledge and skills on client teaching • Communication techniques • Interpersonal relationship

48. Factors related to the learner (client) Factors facilitating learning Factors inhibiting learning

49. Factors facilitating learning 1) Motivation 2) Readiness 3) Active involvement 4) Relevance

50. 5) Nonjudgmental support 6) Simple to complex 7) Timing 8) Environment 9) Feedback