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Using Roads for Water in Pakistan

Frank van Steenbergen fvansteenbergen@metameta.nl. Using Roads for Water in Pakistan. 258,000 kilometers of road in Pakistan, new roads planned , constitute a major infrastructure :. Can we think of making roads work for water management and climate resilience?. We can. YES. &.

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Using Roads for Water in Pakistan

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  1. Frank van Steenbergen fvansteenbergen@metameta.nl Using Roadsfor Water in Pakistan

  2. 258,000 kilometers of road in Pakistan, new roadsplanned, constitute a major infrastructure: Can we think of making roads work for water management and climate resilience? We can YES & We should

  3. At present, REALITYis different... Erosion and sedimentation Local flooding Roads are a major cause of: Dust (Health problems and crop loss) Water logging (crop loss and health problems)

  4. What is happening here?

  5. Roads have a major imprint on hydrology, acting as a barrier or drain roads can become GREEN ROADS This can be Turned around

  6. WhatAre Green Roadsfor Water? • Roadsthat have secure transport functions • Roadsthatactivelyincreaseclimateresilience • Roadsthatdo not do harmto water management but instead are instrumentsfor water management • Road that are usedforfloodprotectionandfloodrelief • Roadsthat stem erosionandpromotegood land management • Roads side vegetationthatsequesters carbon, controlsdustand filters effluents

  7. Why Green Roads:Big Scale and Big Impact Case Load • Roads are major investment globally • (1-2 TrUSD/year) • Cost of climate proofing transport infrastructure in Asia USD 37 Bn/yr • In Pakistan even of highways 47% is in very poor conditions – huge need to catch up • At same water causes 35-80% of road damage • In 10 km 8-25 hotspots • Impact now often negative: turn around ‘green roads’ as instruments for (climate) resilience, beneficial water management and dust control • Roads are one of the major impacts on (surface and subsurface) hydrology and flood patterns and air quality

  8. Why Green Roads:Big Scale and Big Impact Case Load • Many tested Green Roads measures exist, suited to different geographies • Green Roads can be a main instrument for climate resilience, health and increased agricultural production: multiple co-benefits • Measures are low cost in comparison to total road investment (<5%) – and often saving cost of investment and maintenance • Rate of return high • (>4 in a year)

  9. Global examples Irish bridges as water retainingsanddams Borrow pit convertedto water storage Road embankmentcreating storage reservoir

  10. Water spreadersfromculverts Safeguarding wetland functionswith low embankmentroad Infiltrationtrenches Feedingsoilmoisturewithroad drainage

  11. Rechargewithswales Borrow pits convertedtorecharge ‘water factory’ Road side pond Road side infiltrationtrenches

  12. Water from spring openedbyroadconstruction Labour intensive massbalancemethod Nepal – far lesserosion Re-usingroadmaterialforrechargestructtures Road side tree plantatiosl

  13. Alsosystematicroad side tree planting Road side tree planting

  14. Impacts Effects on soil moisture from road spreader

  15. Green Roadsfor Water: whatmatters is co-benefits such as:

  16. Examples from elsewhere:Return tend to be high and additional costs low • Ethiopia water harvesting from roads • Investment (incl capacity building): USD 3600/10 km, • Returns/year USD 16879/10 km • Reduced maintenance and down time; reduced land damage; benefits of water retained • Independently verified • Bangladesh (polder 26) • Reduced water logging and better water level control (benefitting area 1680 ha) • Investment USD 200,000; returns/year USD 3.1 M • Kenya – road side tree planting return factor 4 to 15 • No / modest additional investment costs – at times even cost savings

  17. Approach • Geographies • semi aridareas, mountains, plains, watersheds, … • Techniques • Road embankments, irishbridgess, ruralroads, borrow pits/ ponds, road side tree planting, … • Governance • Economics • Technical Annexes

  18. Opportunities in Pakistan Indus System Unblocking water logging caused by roads Avoid roads causing or exacerbating floods Borrow strips as drainage collectors Having roads as post flood shelters Combine roads with evacuation routes

  19. Figure 4.6 Map of escape route in Thailand

  20. Opportunities in Pakistan Outside Indus Water harvesting from roads – large number of opportunities: • Converted pits and ponds • Infiltration trenches and ponds • Flood water spreaders Stabilizing river beds Irish bridges as sand dams

  21. Opportunities in Pakistan Northern Regions Mass balance method Safeguarding springs Stabilizing mountain-shed with roads Mountain protection

  22. STABILIZING MOUNTAIN SHEDS

  23. STABILIZING MOUNTAIN SHEDS

  24. The Green Roadsfor Water Initiative: Who are the core? (to ne confirmed)

  25. What are the ambitions? • Topromote Green RoadsforClimateResilienceand Water Management, as standard practice in at least 50% of countries in Asia/Africaby2025 • Toequipkeyorganizationsto service and support these practices (education, contracting, finance) • Tofast track climate change adaptationbyretoolingroadsforclimateresilienceand at the same time have more reliable transport connections

  26. Green RoadsInitiativeWhat will be done? • Mobilizing Green Finance • Green/ ClimateBondsforRoads • AdditionalityFunding (GCF, GEF) • Private Sector Funding ( Land valuecapture) • Community of Practice – Learning Alliance • Guidelinesreflecting living practice • Training andadvocacymaterial • On theGround Support toProjectsandCountries • Engineering, governance • Additional ‘road’ avenues: • Bio-basedmaterial • Green constructionpractice • Roadsthatgenerate energy

  27. Connectingwith (in progress): Initiative Green Roads National Programs Green Finance Initiatives Academia United Nations Private Sector foundations • Bilateral & Multilateral Organizations Contractors Main NGOs

  28. Please be part of the Green Roads for Water Initiative Convertedborrow pit for water storage

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