LESSON 17.3 Dissociative, Schizophrenic, and Personality Disorders

1. LESSON 17.3Dissociative, Schizophrenic, and Personality Disorders OBJECTIVES Define dissociative disorders and identify the various types. Define schizophrenia and its causes. Define personality disorders and identify the various types.

2. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative disorders are psychological disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, including one’s identity. • Dissociative amnesia • Dissociative fugue • Dissociative identity disorder

3. Dissociative Amnesia • Dissociative amnesia is a dissociative disorder involving a sudden loss of memory of identity and/or other personal information. • It is thought this is a reaction to an intolerable experience. i.e. abuse in any form, witnessing a brutal crime or causing someone else great harm or even death.

4. Dissociative Fugue • Dissociative fugue is a dissociative disorder in which people suddenly leave their familiar surroundings and assume a new identity without remembering their real identity.

5. Dissociative Identity Disorder • Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a dissociative disorder characterized by the presence of two or more identities or personalities, which take turns controlling the person’s behavior. • Commonly known as multiple personality disorder • This is extremely rare. When it is real the personalities are very distinct, with their own names, memories, mannerisms and speaking voices. They even have different IQ’s.

6. Causes of Dissociative Disorders • Undetected brain problem • Extreme emotional stress

7. Schizophrenia • Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder characterized by severe problems in thinking, including hallucinations, delusions, or loose associations. • They are out of touch with reality and said to be psychotic.

8. Schizophrenia • People with schizophrenia usually suffer from hallucinations, false sensory perceptions which usually are manifested by hearing voices that are not really there. • They also frequently have delusions- which are false beliefs about reality with no factual basis. Typically the delusions are paranoid and they think someone is out to get them.

9. Table 17-2Subtypes of Schizophrenia

10. Disorganized Schizophrenia • Disorganized Schizophrenia- Is a disorder in which bizarre and childlike behaviors are common. • This includes bizarre symptoms such as giggling, grimacing, and frantic gesturing. • People with this disorder don’t comprehend social conventions such as when and where to use the bathroom.

11. Catatonic • Catatonic Schizophrenia- is a severe disturbance of motor activity. • This is characterized by states of catatonia and states of extreme activity. Where they become excessively excited, talking and shouting continuously. • They may behave in a robot like fashion when ordered to move and can have limbs molded into uncomfortable positions for hours without apparent discomfort.

12. Undifferentiated • Undifferentiated schizophrenia- is someone who has several of the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia; delusions, hallucinations, or incoherence, yet they don’t have symptoms typical of a particular subtype of schizophrenia.

13. Paranoid • Paranoid Schizophrenia- is a disorder marked by extreme suspiciousness and complex, bizarre delusions. • They may believe themselves to be a famous person or that people, usually agents, aliens or spies are out to get them. • They can appear normal as they don’t look crazy but have lost touch with reality and can at times be violent.

14. Residual schizophrenia • Persons who have had prior episodes of schizophrenia but are not currently experiencing any major symptoms

15. Causes of Schizophrenia • Genetic basis- Increased Dopamine in patients with Schizophrenia • Brain damage • Brain pruning- The loss of too many neurons and their connections during the teen years. • Stress

16. Figure 17-4Risk of Developing Schizophrenia Lifetime Risk of Developing Schizophrenia (per 100 People) Relationship to Person with Schizophrenia