PSY4320 Research methods in cognitive neuroscience

1. PSY4320 Research methods in cognitive neuroscience Introductory lecture Structural MRI (FreeSurfer) Lars T. Westlye Center for the Study of Human Cognition Department of Psychology, University of Oslo l.t.westlye@psykologi.uio.no

2. Cortex (GM) WM

3. Right Left T1-weighted MRI volume

4. Right Left Skull stripped brainmask

5. White surface Pial surface Pial and white surfaces

6. Superior temporal gyrus (GM/WM) Right amygdala Right amygdala Left hippocampus Right hippocampus Segmented volume

7. Pial 3D renderings of the surfaces White

8. Frontal Parietal Occipital Pial 3D renderings of the surfaces Temporal White

9. Inflated surface renderings enable visualization of sulci White surface Inflated white surface

10. Cortical thickness estimation Thickness = distance between pial and white surface at every point

11. Cortical thickness estimation Approximately 160 000 points (vertices) per hemisphere

12. Mapping thickness to the surface Warm colors denote thicker cortex

13. Automatic anatomical parcellation of the surface Precentral Precentral Superior/inferior parietal Superior temporal Middle temporal Superior frontal Middle frontal Entorhinal Fusiform Parahippocampal

14. Group study: Comparing thickness across subjects Challenge: individual anatomical variability

15. Individual surfaces Spherical morphing Averaging spheres Mapping back to surfaces Fischl, B.

16. Averaging across subjects Old Young Young Old Average thickness across 30 young subjects Average thickness across 30 old subjects

17. Averaging across subjects Average thickness across 30 young subjects Average thickness across 30 old subjects Superior frontal gyrus 2.93 (± 0.15) 2.54 (± 0.17) Young Old

18. 3D renderings of the left hippocampus 2.93 (± 0.15) 2.54 (± 0.17) Automatic segmentation of the hippocampus

19. 3D renderings of the left hippocampus 2.93 (± 0.15) 2.54 (± 0.17) Automatic segmentation of the hippocampus

20. A few applications Cortical thinning in Alzheimer’s Disease: Thinning typically observed in the medial-temporal and posterior cingulate ”memory network” 2.93 (± 0.15) 2.54 (± 0.17)

21. A few applications Cortical thinning through the life-span (8-85) Westlye et al. (submitted) 2.54 (± 0.17)

22. A few applications Cortical thinning through the life-span (8-85) Massive thinning early in life 2.54 (± 0.17) Westlye et al. (submitted)

23. A few applications Accelerated cortical thinning in healthy adults with increased genetic risk for Alzheimer’s (APOE-4): 2.93 (± 0.15) 2.54 (± 0.17)

24. A few applications Accelerated cortical thinning in healthy adults with increased genetic risk for Alzheimer’s (APOE-4): 2.93 (± 0.15) 2.54 (± 0.17)

25. Thicker cortex -> higher P3a peak amplitude Thicker cortex -> shorter P3b latency

26. Preliminary data shows that regional cortical thickness is negatively correlated with P3a amplitude in children and adolescence (8-18 years of age) Blue areas: Thinner cortex -> higher P3a peak amplitude

27. A few applications 2.93 (± 0.15) 2.54 (± 0.17) Draganski et al. (2004), Nature

28. A few applications Cortical thickness changes after intensive Tetris playing 2.93 (± 0.15) 2.54 (± 0.17) Haier et al. (2009), BMC Research Notes