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EXPLOSIVES AND EXPLOSIONS

EXPLOSIVES AND EXPLOSIONS. CENTRAL FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY Ministry of Home Affairs, 30, Gorachand Road Kolkata 700014. What is Explosive.

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EXPLOSIVES AND EXPLOSIONS

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  1. EXPLOSIVES AND EXPLOSIONS CENTRAL FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY Ministry of Home Affairs, 30, Gorachand Road Kolkata 700014

  2. What is Explosive Explosives is nothing but a chemical of varying nature which when subjected to suitable impulse produces high sound, high temperature, smoke, shock wave etc.

  3. Types of Explosives Explosives Low High Chlorate based TNT Gun powder based RDX ANFO Dynamite

  4. CLASSIFICATION

  5. Low Explosives Potassium Nitrate +charcoal +sulfur(75:10:15)- Gun Powder Sodium nitrate + charcoal + sulfur Potassium Chlorate+sulfur Potassium Chlorate +Arsenic sulphide +sulfur Potassium Chlorate + Sulphuric Acid

  6. Primary Explosives Mercury Fulminate Lead Azide Silver Azide Lead styphnate Tetrazene

  7. Secondary Explosives RDX HMX PETN TETRYL NG PICRIC ACID TNT

  8. COMBINATION AMATOL:TNT+AN C-1:RDX+PLASTICIZER C-2:RDX+TNT+DNT+MNT+NC+ DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE C-3:RDX+TNT+DNT+MNT+TETRYL +NC SEMTEX:RDX+PETN+POLY(BUTADIENE- STYRENE)+OIL

  9. Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil explosives(ANFO) Prillex: Ammonium nitrate + Diesel Fuel Lambrit: Ammonium nitrate + Fuel Oil

  10. Slurries and Water gels Sigmagel Titagel: Ammonium nitrate+ Sodium nitrate+ Calcium nitrate Iremite: Ammonium nitrate+ Sodium nitrate+ Aluminium+ Calcium nitrate+Starch

  11. GEL EXPLOSIVE

  12. Explosive Emulsions Nipak: Amonnium nitrate + Sodium nitrate+microballons+nitromethane+polyurethane+carbon tetrachloride

  13. Pyrotechnics Art of firework Signaling Illumination Smoke Incendiary effect

  14. USE OF EXPLOSIVES MILITARY PURPOSE CIVIL ENGINEERING MINING AGRICULTURE

  15. DETONATORS ELECTRICAL DETONATOR NON ELECTRICAL DETONATOR

  16. Other blasting accessories Detonating Cord Safety Fuse Boosters

  17. SAFETY FUSE

  18. What is an IED • Today bombs are popularly known as Improvised explosive devices. Then how is it different ??? • It could be in any shape and size • May be operated electrically or mechanically • Designed to explode while handling or • by use of delay mechanism or • ambient condition or • By remote control devices

  19. Component of IED or bomb mechanism • An standard IED or bomb mechanism consists of • Explosive • Detonators • Power Sources • Switches

  20. EXPLOSIVE TRAIN FLAME PRODUCER FLAME CARRIER CONVERTING FLAME INTO DETONATION DETONATION WAVE CARRIER BOOSTER MAIN CHARGE

  21. Power source + - Switch Detonator Explosive

  22. Switches : • Anti handling – • pressure • pressure release • pull • tilt • vibration • mercury switches etc.

  23. Switches : • Delayed switch • Mechanical - • clock work, • thermal • chemical • electrochemical • Electronic

  24. Ambient Condition • smoke or gas. • sound • proximity • Remote Control • radio control • wire control • FM control

  25. Clock work delay IED Circuit Clock Detonator Explosive Battery

  26. Aim of designing of an IED • designed, • Manufactured by terrorist • Planted • with an aim of • creating panic to General Public • Kill VIPs • cause extensive damage to Govt./ private property • cause extensive damage to economic installations etc • To hide any other crime

  27. Types of IEDs • Some of the IED’s • Brief-case • Gift packet • Perfume bottle • Thermos flask • Soap case • Cigarette packet • Ghee tin/Milk tin • Letter and Book • Telephone etc.

  28. Petrol bomb • Human bomb • Jute bomb • Car/scooter bomb • Tiffin box bomb • Soft drink can bomb • Cycle bomb • Television/radio bomb • Aero model bomb etc.

  29. The Explosive Act The INDIAN Explosive Act 1884 (Indian Word omitted w.e.f 2-3-1983) “Explosive” means gunpowder, nitroglycerine, nitroglycol, guncotton, DNT, TNT, picric acid, dinitrophenol, styphnic acid, RDX, PETN, tetryl, lead azide ect etc includes fire works, detonators, ammunition of all descriptions etc.

  30. Explosive Substance Act 1908 • The expression “Explosive substance” include any materials for making any explosive substance, also any apparatus, machine, implement or material used, or intended to be used, or adapted for causing, or aiding in causing, any explosion in or with any explosive substances; also any part of any such apparatus, machine or implement. • (b) The expression “special category explosive substace” • includes TNT, RDX, PETN, HMX Tetryl, CE, PEK, or any • combination thereof and remote control devices etc.

  31. Delay mechanism Clock work delay Chemical delay Material fatigue Cigarette & Matchbox delay Electronic delay(8min 32sec to 194days 4 hour 20 min)

  32. Ambient Condition Switches Gas/Smoke Sensitive Metal Sensitive X-Ray sensitive Light Sensors

  33. Remote Control switches Radio Control Command Wire Infrared

  34. EXPLOSION SIGNATURES PERMANENT DISTORTION OF OBJECT a) Plastic deformation b) Dishing of metal plates c) Fractures FRAGMENT ATTACK DISPLACEMENT OF OBJECTS FLAME & HEAT MARK EFFECTS ON PRESSURE

  35. Deformed pipe bomb

  36. Parts of Pipe bomb

  37. INJURY TO PERSONS Blast pressure wave Fragments injury Burn injury

  38. Burn injury in an low explosive explosion case

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