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Network of Informatics Research in Governmental Business

Explore the diverse field of eGovernment research, from policy implementation to service provision in areas like health and education. Learn about challenges, ontologies, and the importance of a holistic approach in this growing multidisciplinary field. Discover how technology and organization interact to support the transformation to smart governments.

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Network of Informatics Research in Governmental Business

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  1. Network of Informatics Research in Governmental Business eGovernment research & implementation sketches of the breadth and depth of a growing multidisciplinary field Maria A. Wimmer University of Koblenz-Landau Institute for IS Research, Research Group eGovernment wimmer@uni-koblenz.de

  2. Overview • eGovernment – a broad field of research and application • Holistic approach to eGovernment developments • Challenges of enriching simple standard eGovernment solutions • Ontologies for eGovernment • Interoperability SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  3. Supportive collection of information and statistical data Policy implementation  a variety of activities and application fields for ICT Three main functions of the public sector Policy making SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  4. eGovernment in a narrow sense (eAdministration) Public services in the sense of policy implementation Public sector internal ICT-diffusion and usage eAssistance eDemocracy Democracy services in the sense of policy making eParticipation eCouncil / virtual townhall Five application areas eConsultations, ePetitions, eVoting, Web castings, Information eGovernance / ePolicy Management of State and Administration eLaws Legislative process eJustice Implementing/applying the laws Jurisdiction eHealth Medical care eEducation Schools Distance learning … eGovernment: many fields of research and application SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  5. From sectoral investigations to the overall discipline … eX… eAssistance eProcurement eProcedures eCouncil eJurisdiction eHealth-insurance el. medical care eServices eLaws eConsultation eVoting Sectoral approaches & solutions eY.. eDemocracy / eParticipation eHealth eJustice eAdministration • Multidisciplinary eGovernment research - Concepts and methods • Basic infrastructure Different domains of eGov research & implementation SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  6. Overview • eGovernment – a broad field of research and application • Holistic approach to eGovernment developments • Challenges of enriching simple standard eGovernment solutions • Ontologies for eGovernment • Interoperability SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  7. "Organisation follows technology" Technologial change "Technology follows Organisation" Organisational change Overall aim: supporting a smooth transformation from traditional to innovative, smart governments SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  8. Factors impacting and forming eGovernment … Society / democracy /public value expectations / environment & culture ICT innovations, new emerging technologies Economics, efficiency and effectiveness / good governance Public sector responsibilities and duties / policy making & policy implementation SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  9. Multidisciplinarity and integration role of eGovernment as a research discipline Organisational and economic sciences Political and legal sciences eGovernment as a research discipline Social and human sciences Computer sciences Information and knowledge research sciences SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  10. Views Contact, negotiations and contract Information and intention building Service performance, payment, delivery Aftercare Society, market Progress of process Organisation Legal grounds Security, trust Strategic decisions Users ICT Data,info,knowledge Processes, workflow Processes Interaction Information technology Abstraction layers Holistic reference framework – an attempt to structure eGovernment for eService delivery… SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  11. Overview • eGovernment – a broad field of research and application • Holistic approach to eGovernment developments • Challenges of enriching simple standard eGovernment solutions • Ontologies for eGovernment • Interoperability SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  12. … what we urgently need: a common understanding of the field and how its aspects and projects relate to each other. • Ontologies as the underlying concept of structuring parts of a knowledge map

  13. Marriage Moving home Life event Change of address Marriage atRegistry hall .... .... Life-event ontology Publicservice Update citizen registry database Certificateof marriage .... .... Product Ontologies … examples from eGovernment service provision (1/3) • Building ontologies for the life-event concept / business situations structure SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  14. Marriage Moving home Life event Change of address Marriage atRegistry hall .... .... Life-event ontology Publicservice Update citizen registry database Certificateof marriage .... .... Product In the case of moving home when marrying, automatic and proactive service provision can be offered Ontologies … examples from eGovernment service provision (2/3) • Linking single ontologies via relations of any kind (e.g. temporal, causal, conditional, hierarchical, etc.) Conditional relations SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  15. Topic Documents Marriage Sub-Topic Passport .... Life event Topics ontology Marriage atRegistry hall Public service Update passport data .... .... Life-event ontology Publicservice Certificateof marriage .... Valid passport Produkt .... Product In the case of changing the name when marrying and person is in possession of official documents/certificates Ontologies … examples from eGovernment service provision (3/3) • Distinct sub-ontologies linking to the same objects Conditional relations SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  16. Structuring concept Practical implementation What ontology concepts can serve for: integrating scientific concepts and implementation projects … • eGovernment ontology and knowledge map • Common understanding and shared definition of knowledge objects of the domain • Shared understanding of concepts and methods • Processes, services, projects, public sector information and knowledge • Intelligent service provision across organisations • Interoperability among systems and services • eGovernment projects linked up with one another SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  17. … yet the ontology development is just a starting point and a basis for enhanced knowledge maps : Intelligent services can be offered with the help of semantically enriched knowledge nets and with machine computable inference rules ...

  18. Semantic modelling as a basis to create comprehensive knowledge nets • Knowledge maps • Serve to visualise knowledge in a way human beings think and in this way support human thinking • Serve to structure and store knowledge • Serve to demonstrate interrelations among knowledge objects • Base on semantic modelling concepts and allow simple and affordable navigation • Advanced knowledge nets allow automatic machine computation SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  19. … another challenge: Solutions for interoperability among systems, services, (human) agents and organisations. • the semantic web as a means to reach semantic, technical and organisational interoperation …

  20. EU defines interoperability as „the means by which the inter-linking of systems, information and ways of working, whether within or between administrations, nationally or across Europe, or with the enterprise sector, occurs” [http://europa.eu.int/information_society/activities/egovernment_research/doc/interoperability.pdf] Interoperability in eGovernment currently of highest interest SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  21. Many initiatives on interoperability … • EU/international standardisation initiatives • EIF & IDABC, MODINIS framework, ISO standards on Records Mgmt, UN/CEFACT, OECD, LegalXML, etc. • National standardisation initiatives • E.g. SAGA & DOMEA & XÖV & XArchiv (DE), ELAK & EDIAKT (AT), OIO (DK), FAST & ADELE (FR), MoReq & e-GIF (UK), etc. • EU-projects on interoperability • Athena, Terregov, Guide, Qualeg, eMayor, BRITE, R4EGov, etc. • Interoperability can, however, only be reached, if the activities are being coordinated among each other …. SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  22. Integration vs. Interoperation • Integration: forming of a (temporary or permanent) larger unit of government entities for the purpose of merging processes and/or sharing information • Interoperation:information systems controlled by different jurisdictions/administrations or by external partners smoothly and effectively work together in a predefined and agreed upon fashion [R. Klischewski & J. Scholl, HICSS 2006] SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  23. Interoperability & Standards • Interoperability: basic principle of any eGovernment service or system to interact among each other without developing a single integrated solution • Standards: prerequisite and key methodology to realise interoperability • Based on international standards (XML, Web Services, SOAP, XPDL, DAML+OIL, OWL, etc.) • Independent of platforms • Coordinated development of organisational and technical specs SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  24. Foreign workflow system Archiving system Authority back-office S1 Application from other systems or portals Forms Server Document and Workflow Mgmt System S1 S1 S2 S2 Online Intake/ authority‘s portal / Intermediary of a local authority S5 S1 S4 S4 Legacy syst. Online delivery S5 S4 S2 ePayment Scenario of interoperable eAdministration – applications & interfaces S1 = Intake structure | S2 = records structure | S3 delivery structure | S4 notification of delivery | S5 payment structure S3 S3 SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  25. Interoperability Techn./Semant./Organis. Methodological concept for interoperability Organisation Process Content Data Components Protocols Local National International eInformation eIdentification eForms eSignature ePayment eInvokation eWorkflow Domain app. Databases eNotice eDelivery eArchiving SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer Seamless eGovernment

  26. Can the semantic web be a means to realize fully interoperable seamless eGovernment solutions ??? Semantic Web Technologies and Concepts ??? SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  27. Can the semantic web be a means to link eGovernment research and sectoral implementations ??? Semantic Web Technologies and Concepts ??? SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  28. What is further needed … • Exchange of knowledge and lessons on semantic web used in eGovernment contexts • Efforts to develop semantically enriched knowledge resources are very high • eGovernment solutions are still built with traditional technology, even if their limits are known ... • Learning cycles and widespread research for “creating an eGovernment semantic web” SWEG 2006, (c) Maria A. Wimmer

  29. Thank you for your attention ! Let‘s exchange and widen the scientific dialogue on SWEG concepts and solutions ... Network of Informatics Research in Governmental Business wimmer@uni-koblenz.de http://www.uni-koblenz.de/FB4/Institutes/IWVI/ http://www.egov-network.org/

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