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FISH (and chordates)

FISH (and chordates). Members of the ANIMAL KINGDOM and the PHYLUM CHORDATA They have a dorsal, hollow nerve cord and a notocord. What is a chordate?. Most chordates are vertebrates (SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA).

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FISH (and chordates)

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  1. FISH(and chordates)

  2. Members of the ANIMAL KINGDOMand the PHYLUM CHORDATA • They have a dorsal, hollow nerve cordand a notocord What is a chordate? Most chordates are vertebrates (SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA)

  3. A few Chordates that are NOT vertebrates include a group know as protochordates. These include: Sea Squirts or Tunicates

  4. and Lancelets

  5. Protochordate Anatomy

  6. ---Animals with a backbone or vertebral column (endoskeleton) ----Have spinal cord - dorsal, hollow nerve cord ----Front end of spinal cord develops a brain What is a vertebrate?

  7. Jawless Fish (lamprey, hagfish) • Cartilage Fish (sharks, rays…) • Bony Fish (salmon, catfish, goldfish…) • Amphibians (frogs, salamanders…) • Reptiles (lizards, turtles…) • Birds (sparrows, hawks…) • Mammals (humans, whales, cats..) Vertebrate Classes

  8. Fish Classification • Kingdom- Animalia • Phylum- Chordata • Sub Phylum- Vertebrata • Classes- Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes

  9. General Fish Characteristics • Gills • Backbone (vertebrae) • Paired Fins • Single Loop Circulation

  10. Fish have a two chambered heart – and single loop circulation: blood is passed over the gills where it picks up oxygen, goes to the body and returns to the heart

  11. Fish Respiration • Water flows over Gills as fish opens mouth and swims. • Water flows opposite direction of blood flow.

  12. Fish Respiration • O2 diffuses from the water into the blood. • Gills are made of thousands of gill filaments. • Gills are covered by the Operculum.

  13. - Cerebrum - thinking, voluntary activities- Cerebellum - coordination- Medulla Oblongata - functions of internal organs - Lateral Line System - senses vibrations The Nervous System

  14. Most fish lay eggs that are fertilized externally - called spawning • Some fish bear live young Reproduction

  15. Fish Adaptations • Lateral Line System- used to detect vibrations, orient the fish in water, it is a line of cells running down the side of the fish. • Operculum- gill cover, movement of operculum allows more water to be drawn in. • Swim Bladder- a gas filled sac that helps the fish maintain buoyancy. Sharks don’t have a swim bladder! • Fins- Dorsal, Caudal, Pectoral, Pelvic, Anal.

  16. Class Agnatha Jawless fish: Lampreys, Hagfish

  17. Types of Agnathans • Hagfish- Ocean scavengers, not much is known about them. • Lamprey- fresh and salt water, they are parasitic and prey on other fish. * Both have cartilagenous skeletons and sucker-like mouths.

  18. Class Chondrichthyes Sharks and Rays • Cartilage skeletons, no bones • No operculum, must keep moving to breathe. • Have live births. • Special scales feel like sandpaper.

  19. Types of Chondrichthyes • Sharks • Sharks are adapted for a predatory lifestyle. • Cartilage skeletons, no bones stiff pectoral fins (speed).

  20. Types of Chondrichthyes • Rays Manta, and Sting Rays- live in shallow water, have mouths located on the underside, are fairly docile, wide flat bodies and wing-like fins that are flexible.

  21. Class Osteichthyes Bony Fish: Salmon, Carp, Tuna

  22. Types of Osteichthyes Ray Finned • Most fish are this type • Fins are supported by bony structures called Rays.

  23. Types of Osteichthyes Lobe Finned • Fins are long, fleshy, muscular, supported by central core of bones. • Thought to be ancestors of amphibians. • Examples are: Coelacanth, Lungfish

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