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FISH (and chordates)

Discover the characteristics, anatomy, and classifications of chordates and vertebrates, including jawless fish, bony fish, and more. Learn about fish respiration, nervous system, and adaptations in this comprehensive guide.

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FISH (and chordates)

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  1. FISH(and chordates)

  2. Members of the ANIMAL KINGDOMand the PHYLUM CHORDATA • They have a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notocord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a post-anal tail at some point in life. • A few chordates are invertebrates but most are vertebrates. What is a chordate?

  3. Chordate Anatomy

  4. A few Chordates that are NOT vertebrates include a group know as protochordates. These include: Sea Squirts or Tunicates

  5. and Lancelets

  6. ---Animals with a backbone or vertebral column (endoskeleton) ----Have spinal cord - dorsal, hollow nerve cord ----Front end of spinal cord develops a brain (cephalization) ---- Closed circulatory system What is a vertebrate?

  7. Jawless Fish (lamprey, hagfish) • Cartilage Fish (sharks, rays…) • Bony Fish (salmon, catfish, goldfish…) • Amphibians (frogs, salamanders…) • Reptiles (lizards, turtles…) • Birds (sparrows, hawks…) • Mammals (humans, whales, cats..) Vertebrate Classes

  8. Fish Classification • Kingdom- Animalia • Phylum- Chordata • Sub Phylum- Vertebrata • Classes- Myxini, Cephalaspidomorphi Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes

  9. General Fish Characteristics • Gills • Backbone (vertebrae) • Paired Fins • Single Loop Circulation

  10. Fish have a two chambered heart – and single loop circulation: blood is passed over the gills where it picks up oxygen, goes to the body and returns to the heart

  11. Fish Respiration • Water flows over Gills as fish opens mouth and swims. • Water flows opposite direction of blood flow.

  12. Fish Respiration • O2 diffuses from the water into the blood. • Gills are made of thousands of gill filaments. • Gills are covered by the Operculum.

  13. - Cerebrum - thinking, voluntary activities- Cerebellum - coordination- Medulla Oblongata - functions of internal organs - Lateral Line System - senses vibrations The Nervous System

  14. Most fish lay eggs that are fertilized externally - called spawning • Some fish bear live young Reproduction

  15. Fish Adaptations • Lateral Line System- used to detect vibrations, orient the fish in water, it is a line of cells running down the side of the fish. • Operculum- gill cover, movement of operculum allows more water to be drawn in. • Swim Bladder- a gas filled sac that helps the fish maintain buoyancy. Sharks don’t have a swim bladder! • Fins- Dorsal, Caudal, Pectoral, Pelvic, Anal.

  16. Class Myxini and Cephalaspidomorphi Jawless fish: Hagfish and Lampreys

  17. Types of Jawless Fish • Hagfish (class Myxini)- Ocean scavengers, not much is known about them. Hagfish Slime Video • Lamprey (class Cephalaspidomorphi) - fresh and salt water, they are parasitic and prey on other fish. * Both have cartilagenous skeletons and sucker-like mouths. Lamprey Video

  18. Class Chondrichthyes Sharks and Rays • Cartilage skeletons, no bones • No operculum, must keep moving to breathe. • Have live births. • Special scales feel like sandpaper.

  19. Types of Chondrichthyes • Sharks Lemon Shark Birth Video • Sharks are adapted for a predatory lifestyle. • Cartilage skeletons, no bones stiff pectoral fins (speed).

  20. Types of Chondrichthyes • Rays Manta, and Sting Rays- live in shallow water, have mouths located on the underside, are fairly docile, wide flat bodies and wing-like fins that are flexible. Rays and Skates comparison

  21. Class Osteichthyes Bony Fish: Salmon, Carp, Tuna

  22. Types of Osteichthyes Ray Finned • Most fish are this type • Fins are supported by bony structures called Rays.

  23. Types of Osteichthyes Lobe Finned • Fins are long, fleshy, muscular, supported by central core of bones. • Thought to be ancestors of amphibians. • Examples are: Coelacanth, Lungfish

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