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Exploring Life Forms: Classification & Evolutionary Relations

Delve into the hierarchy and diversity of life forms from viruses to fungi, exploring principles of classification and evolutionary relationships. Learn about prokaryotes, eukaryotes, beneficial and harmful bacteria, and the intriguing world of protists. Dive into the fascinating variety of plants and animals, from algae to mushrooms, uncovering the intricate structures and life cycles that define these organisms.

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Exploring Life Forms: Classification & Evolutionary Relations

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  1. Principle of Classification • Variety of Life

  2. Evolutionary relation and ‘Natural’ Classification

  3. Hierachy in classification I

  4. Hierachy in Classification II

  5. ‘Traditional’ Classification of Plants and Animals Animal Kingdom • Invertebrates • Vertebrates Plant Kingdom • Non-flowering plant • Flowering plant

  6. Dilemma for Classification

  7. The Five Kingdoms

  8. Cellular vs Non-cellular

  9. Viruses • Non-cellular • Living or nonliving? • Primitive or Advanced? • ALL PARASITES • depend on host cells for reproduction and metabolism

  10. Diversity in Viruses

  11. Bacteriophage • Parasite of bacteria

  12. Life cycle of bacteriophage

  13. Life Cycle of VirusesHIV virus

  14. Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

  15. Prokaryotic structures

  16. Prokaryotes: bacteria & Archaea

  17. Bacterial structure • Bacteria are the oldest life forms on earth, dating back about 3.8 billion years.

  18. Bacterial flagellum unlike eukaryotic flagellum and cilium, does not have the internal 9+2 microtubules arrangement

  19. Beneficial Bacteria: - Cheese making - Yogurt making - probiotic in GI tract

  20. Harmful bacteria - Listeria in milk products - Salmonella in meat

  21. Cyanobacteria - photosynthetic somewhat like algae, prokaryotic,, no chloroplasts

  22. Binary fission in bacteria • The cell wall and membrane are in red, the bacterial chromosome in blue, the cytoplasm in light green. The yellow dot represents a point of attachment of the chromosome to the cell membrane.

  23. Protista Protozoa_Amoeba

  24. Pseudopodium

  25. Paramecium

  26. Plasmodium_Malaria I

  27. Plasmodium_Malaria II

  28. Plasmodium_Malaria III

  29. ProtistaAlgae

  30. Algae_unicellular

  31. Algae_filamentous_ spirogyra

  32. ProtistaAlgae_multicellular

  33. Fungus_Bread moulds

  34. Fungus_Moulds_penicillium

  35. Mushroom_gill fungus

  36. Fungus

  37. Sac Fungus

  38. Giant MUSHROOM!

  39. Plant or animal ?

  40. Morels

  41. A fungus from Tai Po Kau

  42. A thousand-year-old ?

  43. Ghost’s umbrella

  44. Fungus from Sai Kung

  45. Lichen

  46. Lichen

  47. Lichen

  48. Lichen_internal structure

  49. NON-vascular plantsMosses and allies

  50. Moss plants with capsule

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