Information compiled by: Hanessa Nijjer edited by: Hanessa Nijjer Group members: Jaya Shridhar

1. Humanities 8 O’Shea World religions Judaism Information compiled by: Hanessa Nijjer edited by: Hanessa Nijjer Group members: Jaya Shridhar Hanessa Nijjer Brittany Barrell Samantha Encarnacion

2. Historical Background Information History Samantha Encarnacion Designed by: Hanessa Nijjer .

3. Historical Background Information Jewish Founding Story • The history of Judaism begins with Abraham, who came to believe in one Supreme Being, his son Isaac, Isaac's son Jacob, later called Israel, and Jacob's 12 sons who founded the twelve tribes of Israel • God often guided the Jewish people. For it is said that they were supposed to be his example to the world

4. Historical Background Information Important Hebrews • Abraham: (Patriarch) God told Abraham to leave his home and in return he would have a personal relationship with God, land and lots of descendants. These descendants later founded Israel • Moses: God gave Moses a set of rules known as the 10 commandments for all of the Jewish people to follow. Moses also parted the red sea and led the children of Israel out of Egypt where they were enslaved • King Saul, David and Solomon built the first great temple and became powerful people • Joshua: Successor of Moses, Joshua was a great warrior from the bible. Who brought back the Promised Land.

5. Historical Background Information The Holocaust • The founder and leader of the Nazi’s was Hitler. • began in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany and ended in 1945 when the Nazis were defeated by the Allied powers. • It was Hitler's goal to eliminate and kill the Jews • From the mid-1930s some children were sterilised and were later rounded-up and incarcerated. Many of those sterilised underwent the procedure without giving their permission. • the Nazi’s targeted the younger generation of Jewish children to stop the religion from existing. • The Nazi’s then put down laws against the Jewish people. • In 1938 Jewish children were expelled from German schools. • Where not allowed to go to public places and activities like swimming where prohibited

6. Basic Belief System Belief System Samantha Encarnacion Designed by: Hanessa Nijjer

7. God exists • There is only one God • God alone created the universe • God is omnipresent • God is everywhere all the time • God will always exist • God can do anything • God punishes the bad • God rewards the good • God is just, but he is also merciful • God listens to each individuals prayers and answers them in unexpected ways • God is forgiving to those who mess up

8. Basic Belief System The Ten Commandments • The Ten Commandments are ten rules devote Jews and Christians follow as a way of life and to please God.

9. Role Of Women Role of Women Hanessa Nijjer

10. Role of Women The role of women in the Jewish religion is of high responsibility and importance God has no gender; pure being. Referring to God with masculine idioms is for convenience. Women are thought to have a greater sense of “Binah:”intuition, understanding, intelligence Women have no obligations to marry, and conceive children Women are looked at as equal to, or superior than men.

11. Role of Women Role of Women: 3 • According to traditional Judaism, women have a higher degree of "binah" (intuition, understanding, intelligence) than men. • Woman was "built" as apposed to "formed“ and the Hebrew root of "build" was derived from the word "binah."   Man and woman were created together, then separated into, male and female roles.

12. Role Of Women • Though to have children, a female is necessary, women do not have these duties Role of Women: 4 Men have obligations to marry, and have children, as apposed to women having these rules

13. Jewish Holidays, Celebrations and Rituals Jewish Holidays, Celebrations and Rituals Brittany Barrell Designed by: Hanessa Nijjer

14. Jewish Holidays, Celebrations and Rituals • TishaB’av: Is held on the ninth of Av to remember a series of unfortunate events all to fall on this day • Including: The destruction of the first temple in Jerusalem in about 586 BCE • The destruction of the second temple by the Romans • World war 1 and the beginning of the Holocaust • Yom Hashoah is the day to remember the Holocaust • Purim: When the Jewish people lived in Persia they where saved by a brave woman known as Esther • Purim is a day to remember this Passover: A great feast to remember and celebrate there freedom from when Moses led them out of Egypt Sukkot: Tells of the years that the Jews spent in the dessert traveling to the Promised Land under Gods guidance Sukkot means hut to show how they had to live in the desert and so many celebrate Sukkot by building and living in a hut for the time of this holiday

15. Jewish Holidays, Celebrations and Rituals • Rosh Hashanah: Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish new year it is however not the only Jewish new year, Rosh Hashanah is the day that Adam was born it is not however the day the beginning of the world • The first of Nisan is the Jewish new year for the counting of the pilgrim festival • The first of Elvl to be the new year for the tilting of the animals • TuB’Shevet is the new year for trees • Shavuot: • One of the Jewish harvest festivals • 7 weeks after passover • Hanukkah • The festival of lights The day of repentance or the day of awe 10 day period people are given to repent for their sins They must however not just apologize to God for it is not his right to forgive them Instead they must apologize to all they have wronged Many also do good deeds During this time there was also a ceremony known as Tashlich to cast away their sins. In it they throw bread into a river and say the proper prayer Yom Kipper –the Day of Atonement Brings the days of repentance to a close Sabbath: The Jewish holy day to keep laws and customs happens ones a week Starts on the night fall on a Friday night and lasts till the night fall on a Saturday night God commands the Jewish to observe Sabbath and keep it holy as the forth of the Ten Commandments

16. Places of Worship Places of WorshipBrittany Barrell designed by: Hanessa Nijjer

17. Places of Worship • Few British Synagogues have a choir, but they are more common in the USA • The most relaxed of the Synagogue services in my opinion comes from a progressive (formal, Liberal) Synagogue. There the service will be at least partly in English and there may be a choir and instruments, Men and women are allowed to sit together. • Every Synagogue will have an ark • The Ten Commandments will usually be written somewhere above it • The chest that held the stone tablets of the Convent which god gave to Moses is the inspiration behind the arches name • An Eternal light called NerTamid hangs above the ark • It is always burning to symbolize God’s presence and is also representative of the pillar of flame that guided the Jewish people on there early journey • Most of the Jewish prayers are done by reading aloud from the writing services in the Synagogue • The Synagogue is their place of worship • Synagogue services were led by a rabbi, a cantor or a member of the congregation • A Minyan or quorum of ten men where required for traditional Jewish worship • Everyone except unmarried women wore hats and even they took up the tradition after they reached a certain age during these services • Adults being men over 13 often wear a Tallit or prayer shawl for Morning Prayer as well • Types of Synagogues • There are a few different types of Synagogues • In an Orthodox synagogue the service is conducted in ancient Hebrew, and the singing is unaccompanied

18. Places of Worship • The platform and the desk for Torah readings are called the Bimah and an Orthodox Synagogue is in the center of the building (in a Reform Synagogue the Bimah is usually close to the ark • At the proper moment in the service the Ark is ceremonially opened and the Torah scroll is carried in procession to the reading desk • During these times that the Ark is open it is expected for all to remain standing

19. Demographics Demographics Jaya Shridhar With help form: Hanessa Nijjer Designed by: Hanessa Nijjer

20. Demographics Origin of Judaism • Judaism began in Israel until many Hebrews fled Israel because of famine. Many Hebrews traveled to Egypt and settled there until they were enslaved by Egyptians. When Jewish faith states God sent Moses to save Hebrews he parted the Red Sea long enough for them to get past and the Egyptian army drowned. Following Hebrew escape, God sent the 10 commandments to Moses which were the basis of mosaic faith. In time, the Hebrews returned to Israel but were conquered by several other cultures. Today Hebrew's are predominantly in America and Israel.    

21. Demographics Map of the World

22. Sacred symbols, texts and places Sacred symbols, texts and places Jaya Shridhar With help from: Hanessa Nijjer Designed by: Hanessa Nijjer

23. Sacred symbols, texts and places Sacred Scriptures • Tanakh: consists of books similar to the Christian testaments. • Torah: the first five books of tanakh. • Nevi'im (prophets) : consists of 21 books of narrations and prophecy • Ketuvim (writings): 13 books of the Ketuvim. Includes wisdom literature, prophecy, and stories • Talmud: collection of rabbinical writings that explain/interpret the Torah scriptures • Midrash: largest body of rabbinical material  • Zohar: literature of Jewish mystical thought

24. Sacred symbols, texts and places The Star of David is the symbol of Judaism, and is on the Hebrew flag. The star consits of two triangles, the one pointing upward is said to represent God, and the triangle pointing down wards represents Hebrews. Jewish house of prayer, synagogues have a large hall for prayer, and can have smaller rooms for study; socialization, and work.

25. Bibliography • http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/ • http://www.religionfacts.com/judaism/texts.htm • http://www.jewfaq.org/signs.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/judaism#jewishdemographicsarticle: Judaism • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewishpopulation article: Jewish Population • http://www.jewfaq.org/signs.htm • http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/ • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/holiday2.html • http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=famous+synagogue+in+jerusalem&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&biw=1280&bih=827&tbm=isch&tbnid=4W2Oi91MHwWsrM:&imgref • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Jewish+calendar+Large&start=177&hl=en&safe=active&biw=792&bih=465&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=KPOn0bEgLLQTtM:&imgrefurl=http://tia4christ.blogspot.com/2010/07/astronomy-is-gods-science-astrology-is_25.html&docid=9fB7khq7baH4eM&imgurl=http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_enRW2gU1hjg/TEy4y7WtwEI/AAAAAAAABHg/wIfNzz2vCD0/s400/Hebrew_calendar.gif&w=250&h=250&ei=7QHJT5q4BeT42gWvyfjZCw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=287&vpy=2&dur=31&hovh=200&hovw=200&tx=132&ty=83&sig=117709015009148085371&page=16&tbnh=130&tbnw=130&ndsp=13&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:177,i:216 • http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=famous+synagogue+in+jerusalem&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&biw=1280&bih=827&tbm=isch&tbnid=4W2Oi91MHwWsrM:&imgref • http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/timeline.htmlhttp://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/108989/jewish/Tu-BShevat-A-Weekday-Rosh-Hashanah.htm • http://www.jewfaq.org/origins.htm • www.jewfaq.org/women.htm • www.chabad.org/theJewishWomen/article_cdo/aid/376141/Jewish/the-role-of-women-inJudaism.htm