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Influencing the West

Influencing the West. Scientists and Philosophers From the 9 th to 14 th Centuries (3 rd to 8 th ). Basis of Islamic science:. 1. There are universal laws. 2. These laws can be understood. 3. And applied to various fields. Closer than we think:. Falsafa = “knowledge of the universe”

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Influencing the West

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  1. Influencing the West Scientists and Philosophers From the 9th to 14th Centuries (3rd to 8th)

  2. Basis of Islamic science: • 1. There are universal laws. • 2. These laws can be understood. • 3. And applied to various fields.

  3. Closer than we think: • Falsafa = “knowledge of the universe” • Philosophia = “love of knowledge”

  4. Contributions in Medicine

  5. Contributions in Medicine • Razi – Latin name, Rhazes 865 – 925 AD (251– 311 AH) “the Experienced” • 200 books • hygiene • medical encyclopedia

  6. Contributions in Medicine • Ibn Sina – • Latin name, Avicenna • 980 – 1037 AD • “Prince of Philosophers” • Books, Canon of Medicine

  7. Contributions in Medicine • Ibn Rushd • Latin, Averroes • Medical books • Physician • Judge • Commentaries on Aristotle

  8. Contributions in Medicine • Surgery, Abulcasis surgery guide

  9. Contributions in Medicine • Surgery, Abulcasis surgery guide • Medical School and Exams

  10. Contributions in Medicine • Surgery, Abulcasis surgery guide • Medical School and Exams • Eye specialists

  11. Contributions in Medicine • Surgery, Abulcasis surgery guide • Medical School and Exams • Eye specialists • Pharmacies

  12. Contributions in Medicine • Surgery, Abulcasis surgery guide • Medical School and Exams • Eye specialists • Pharmacies • Medical license & hospitals

  13. Contributions in Chemistry • Jabir ibn Hayyan • 721 – 815 AD • Gerber (Latin)

  14. Jabir’s Contributions in Chemistry • 1. new techniques for refining metals, preparing steel, dying cloth & leather. • 2. acetic acid, the use of manganese dioxide. • 3. crystallize compounds.

  15. Razi’s Contributions • Equipment lists for labs • Categories of substances

  16. Contributions in Math • “Arabic” numbers • Decimal system • Sifr = “0” • Sifr = zephyrum (Latin) = zero (Italian) • English: cipher

  17. Abu Ja’fer Muhammed ibn Usa al-Khwarizmi • Uzbekistan, 778-850 • Taught at House of Wisdom. • Wrote first text on Algebra – Hisab al-Jabr wa’l-Muqabala. • “the art of bringing together unknowns to match a known quantity.”

  18. Other contributions • Geometry, trigonometry • Optics • Astronomy • The Astrolabe

  19. Ibn Khaldun’sstatue in Tunis • 1332 -- 1406 AD (732 -- 808 AH) • Forerunner of Cultural History • Muqaddima

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