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Influencing the West

Discover how Islamic scholars from the 9th to 14th centuries influenced Western scientists and philosophers, with groundbreaking contributions in medicine, chemistry, math, and more. Explore their legacy and impact on the development of knowledge.

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Influencing the West

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  1. Influencing the West Scientists and Philosophers From the 9th to 14th Centuries (3rd to 8th)

  2. Basis of Islamic science: • 1. There are universal laws. • 2. These laws can be understood. • 3. And applied to various fields.

  3. Closer than we think: • Falsafa = “knowledge of the universe” • Philosophia = “love of knowledge”

  4. Contributions in Medicine

  5. Contributions in Medicine • Razi – Latin name, Rhazes 865 – 925 AD (251– 311 AH) “the Experienced” • 200 books • hygiene • medical encyclopedia

  6. Contributions in Medicine • Ibn Sina – • Latin name, Avicenna • 980 – 1037 AD • “Prince of Philosophers” • Books, Canon of Medicine

  7. Contributions in Medicine • Ibn Rushd • Latin, Averroes • Medical books • Physician • Judge • Commentaries on Aristotle

  8. Contributions in Medicine • Surgery, Abulcasis surgery guide

  9. Contributions in Medicine • Surgery, Abulcasis surgery guide • Medical School and Exams

  10. Contributions in Medicine • Surgery, Abulcasis surgery guide • Medical School and Exams • Eye specialists

  11. Contributions in Medicine • Surgery, Abulcasis surgery guide • Medical School and Exams • Eye specialists • Pharmacies

  12. Contributions in Medicine • Surgery, Abulcasis surgery guide • Medical School and Exams • Eye specialists • Pharmacies • Medical license & hospitals

  13. Contributions in Chemistry • Jabir ibn Hayyan • 721 – 815 AD • Gerber (Latin)

  14. Jabir’s Contributions in Chemistry • 1. new techniques for refining metals, preparing steel, dying cloth & leather. • 2. acetic acid, the use of manganese dioxide. • 3. crystallize compounds.

  15. Razi’s Contributions • Equipment lists for labs • Categories of substances

  16. Contributions in Math • “Arabic” numbers • Decimal system • Sifr = “0” • Sifr = zephyrum (Latin) = zero (Italian) • English: cipher

  17. Abu Ja’fer Muhammed ibn Usa al-Khwarizmi • Uzbekistan, 778-850 • Taught at House of Wisdom. • Wrote first text on Algebra – Hisab al-Jabr wa’l-Muqabala. • “the art of bringing together unknowns to match a known quantity.”

  18. Other contributions • Geometry, trigonometry • Optics • Astronomy • The Astrolabe

  19. Ibn Khaldun’sstatue in Tunis • 1332 -- 1406 AD (732 -- 808 AH) • Forerunner of Cultural History • Muqaddima

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