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Chapter 9 Respiration

Chapter 9 Respiration. Respiration equation. ( YOU MUST KNOW THIS EQUATION!) 6O 2 +C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 +6H 2 O + energy . Mitochondria. Site of respiration. Chemical pathways. Calorie- amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water one degree.

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Chapter 9 Respiration

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  1. Chapter 9 Respiration

  2. Respiration equation • ( YOU MUST KNOW THIS EQUATION!) • 6O2+C6H12O6 6CO2+6H2O + energy

  3. Mitochondria • Site of respiration

  4. Chemical pathways • Calorie- amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water one degree

  5. Three stages in respiration • Glycolysis • Kreb cycle • Electron Transport System

  6. Glycolysis • Process that always occurs in respiration • 6 carbon sugar broken into 2 – 3 carbon sugars called pyruvic acid • Doesn’t need oxygen • Needs 2 molecules of ATP to get going http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/glycolysis.html

  7. After glycolysis respiration can go two possible ways. • 1st way is called fermentation • or anaerobic respiration • Releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of O2.

  8. Two types of fermentation • 1a. Alcoholic fermentation • 1b. lactic acid fermentation

  9. 1a. Alcoholic fermentation • Plants use to get energy in the absence of oxygen • 3 C sugar + NADH alcohol+ CO2 + NAD

  10. Alcoholic fermentation • Bread rises because the yeast runs out of oxygen • it produces alcohol which evaporates as the bread is baked • It produces CO2 which makes the bread rise.

  11. Different types of sugars produce different alcohols

  12. 1b. Lactic acid fermentation

  13. Lactic acid • is toxic to your muscles • Only produces a small amount of energy • Too much lactic acid - cramp • Body must take lactic acid and add extra oxygen to get all the energy it needs from the sugar molecule.

  14. Lactic acid fermentation • Used by a lot of prokaryote organisms • We eat this byproduct • use this to make • Pickles, sauerkraut • Cheese, yogurt, sour cream

  15. Kreb Cycle • Only occurs if oxygen is present • Pyruvic acid is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce • citric acid, • 4 carbon • ATP • NADH2 • FADH

  16. Electron Transport System • Uses high energy electrons from the Kreb Cycle to convert ADP to ATP

  17. Energy Totals of Respiration • One molecule of sugar produces 36 ATP with O2 • Only 2 ATP without O2

  18. Energy and Exercise • 1.sprints • 50 meters- need quick energy • Use stored ATP • Use lactic acid fermentation • Only good for short periods of time • Build up an oxygen debt • Breathe heavily for several minutes after a sprint

  19. Energy and exercise • 2. After 20 minutes – long term energy • Need carbohydrates called glycogen after 90 sec • Body uses kreb cycle and electron transport system • These systems work slower but provide more energy(ATP) • need oxygen • After 20 minutes burn your fat reserves

  20. Training- body get better at each pathway • 1. Training anaerobically • Lots of sprints • Body gets better at storing levels of glycogen in muscles • Increase tolerance to lactic acidsd

  21. Training aerobically • Exercise – running or biking for longer than 20 minutes • Increases lung capacity • Increases size and number of mitochondria • Helps in controlling weight

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