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Palestrina Pal. a grammar checker for music compositions in the style of Palestrina. by Anna Cheng-Zhi Huang ( annapokga@hotmail.com , junior in CSCI-MUCO) (Faculty mentor Professor Chew). Motivation.
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Palestrina Pal a grammar checker for music compositions in the style of Palestrina by Anna Cheng-Zhi Huang (annapokga@hotmail.com, junior in CSCI-MUCO) (Faculty mentor Professor Chew).
Motivation • Make composers more aware of their Palestrina rule violations and to focus on higher level aesthetic issues. • Extend creative technologies to CAC to improve musical communication. Palestrina Pal
Objective • a JAVA application • OOP and GUIDO • checks for rule violations in compositions in the style of Palestrina. • automatically recognizes and highlights errors in a GUI Palestrina Pal
16th century counterpoint • the art of combining two or more melodic lines which are independent yet coordinate in feeling. • foundation for western music in following centuries. • Italian Palestrina (1525 – 1594) brought this style of music to its peak. Palestrina Pal
Why are these “tedious” rules necessary? • based on “The Craft of Modal Counterpoint” by Thomas Benjamin. • a grammar to define meanings, in music. • harmonic, melodic and rhythmic rules Palestrina Pal
Input, output • What is GUIDO? (example shown) • Input: • GUIDO text file • piano keyboard • Output: • GUIDO text file • MIDI Palestrina Pal
Composition rules implemented. • harmonic: • parallelism, treatment of dissonance, etc • melodic: • leap intervals compensation, etc • rhythmic: • choice of note values and placements, etc. Palestrina Pal
Harmonic rules: • Perfect parallelism • avoid parallel fifths, octaves and unisons. • Direct/Contrary parallelism • avoid fifths and octaves approached by leaps in the same direction or by contrary motion. Palestrina Pal
(Dissonance treatments) • Passing Tone • a half note or quarter note dissonance on the weak beat approached and resolved by step and in the same direction. • Neighbor Note • a quarter or eighth note dissonance on the weak part of a beat approached and resolved in opposite directions. Palestrina Pal
Continued Harmonic rules • Suspension • this idiom involves a consonant preparation, dissonance (a half note) on the same pitch on a strong beat, and resolution down by step to a consonance. • Anticipation (consonant or dissonant) • a quarter note on the weak part of any beat that anticipates the pitch of the coming consonant vertical interval. Palestrina Pal
Melodic rules: • Range • soprano, alto, tenor and bass voices must operate within well-specified ranges. • Melodic leaps • use only m2, M2, m3, M3, P4, P5, m6(ascending only), and P8(rare). • Uncompensated leaps • melodic leaps are to be compensated (approached and left in opposite direction as leap). Palestrina Pal
Rhythmic rules: • Note values • Basic note values are limited to double whole notes to eighth notes. • Dotted note values • Any values other than the quarter and eighth notes may be dotted. • Dotted note Positions • Dotted whole notes may begin only on beats 1 or 3, and dotted half notes must start on the beginning of a beat. Palestrina Pal
Example • Use Finale music notation software to input notes. • Use GUIDO plugin to convert the Finale file. • Enable the rules wanted and run Palestrina Pal software • Error display and detection explained. • Correct wrong notes by modifying the GUIDO code or by keyboard interface. • Save composition as MIDI, and play. Palestrina Pal
Manual analysis Palestrina Pal
GUI with all the stops. Palestrina Pal
Sicut Cervus by Palestrina Palestrina Pal
Sicut Cervus: Result Palestrina Pal
Source code design • classes resemble real life music composition objects. • evaluation procedure mimics how composers actually proofread work. Palestrina Pal
Applications of Palestrina Pal • proofread compositions, not just Palestrina style • identify and analyze characteristics of C16th counterpoint. • evaluate computer-generated counterpoint in CAC. • music education, counterpoint theory Palestrina Pal
Relevant Work Being Conducted • first system for automated evaluation of Palestrina style compositions. • potential for practical use in the music classroom. • Farbood and Schoener [2] focus on synthesis of Palestrina style compositions using Markov models. Palestrina Pal
Future Goals • improve the user interface: piano roll to show imitations. • Conduct user studies • incorporate secondary level rules and suggestions for corrections Palestrina Pal