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DRM on Linux-Driven Mobile Terminals

DRM on Linux-Driven Mobile Terminals. Ralf Ewers University of Paderborn ralf.ewers@gmx.net. Introduction. Mobile Terminals are becoming more and more complex New Operating Systems Windows CE SymbianOS Linux Content provider see new medium. Is Linux capable for selling content?.

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DRM on Linux-Driven Mobile Terminals

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  1. DRM on Linux-Driven Mobile Terminals Ralf Ewers University of Paderborn ralf.ewers@gmx.net

  2. Introduction • Mobile Terminals are becoming more and more complex • New Operating Systems • Windows CE • SymbianOS • Linux • Content provider see new medium

  3. Is Linux capable for selling content? • Need for DRM “I want to make it clear that DRM is perfectly fine with Linux.” Linus Torvalds

  4. Technical Issues 1

  5. Technical Issues 2 • A whole DRM stack • Decryption only for registered applications • Stack has to be closed • ‘Tivoisation’ • Firmware lockdown • Hardware allows only one version of OS • Refuses to boot if OS is changed

  6. Political Issues • The first approach (DRM stack) is fine • The second approach (‘Tivoisation’) is controversial

  7. Political Issues: Four Freedoms • The freedom to run the program, for any purpose • The freedom to study how the program works, and adopt it to your needs • The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor • The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits The Free Software Foundation

  8. Political Issues “In other words, tivoisation makes freedom number one into a shame. Theoretically, ostensibly, the users are free to modify the software to make it do what they want, but practically speaking, the freedom is a joke.” Richard Stallman

  9. Political Issues “I think there are many quite valid reasons to sign (and verify) your kernel images, and while some of the uses for signing are odious, I don’t see any sane way to distinguish between good signers and bad signers. Linus Torvalds

  10. Standards: Open Mobile Alliance • Open Mobile Alliance DRM • Mainly used for ring tones and pictures • Also capable for music and videos • Rights Object defines permissions and constraints • RO is valid for only one mobile agent

  11. Standards: Windows Media DRM • Very popular for music and videos • Similar to OMA DRM • Only one Linux mobile phone announced so far

  12. Standards: Windows Media DRM

  13. Standards: Other approaches • OMA DRM not suitable for broadcasting • DVB-Group works on own DRM standard • Only for DVB-H • Also OMA works on new approach • For both DVB-H and DMB

  14. Content Providers’ Business Model • Music flat rates are very popular • DRM has to be hard to overcome • Microsoft DRM is most popular • --> support mainly for such devices “The consequences of Linux not supporting DRM would be that fixed-purpose consumer electronics and PC’s would be the sole entertainment platforms available.” Jeff Ayars, Real Networks

  15. Terminal Vendor Strategies • OMA DRM for ring tones and pictures • Microsoft DRM or Apple FairPlay? • Microsoft is willing to license. Apple not. • According to ABI Research 203 million Linux-driven mobile phones will be sold until 2012 • Own DRM or third party stack? • Depends on the trust of the content provider

  16. Conclusion • OMA DRM for ring tones and pictures • Microsoft DRM for music and videos • BUT: Apple has announced to offer EMI’s music catalog without DRM on iTunes • It is yet to be seen which approach will be used for broadcasting

  17. Thanks for your Attention

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